{"schema":"pubphys.bundle/1","record":{"author":{"account_ref":null,"orcid":null},"builds_on":[],"content_schema":"pubphys.content.revision/1","content_sha256":"85d779b46c740f1204b7988d9d91c3502ad116c2a5dacd8633ed2d66102c9eb5","created":"2026-10-15T23:43:22Z","files":[],"origin":{"assisted_by":[],"kind":"seed"},"parents":["4a7be8424f806d8f791ffbb84777be709933ad6baeac740e8cd5e6a82d6a15d0","ce59fb6cd812fc05906d0c60a71c75ea22bc686bcf38e7c3ef7010834d98ee7b"],"salt":"1c65286e5f39196bf657e3c458cc0b5238d56e377159b657e3ad05ed188eb005","schema":"pubphys.record/2","site":"pubphys.com","target":null,"type":"revision"},"content":{"answer_type":"identification","assisted_by":[],"external_id":"astro.galactic-gamma-ray-anomalies.gev-excess-origin","kind":"well-posed","literature_status":"contested","n":"2","parents":[],"plain":"Fermi satellite data show extra gamma rays near $2 \\times 10^{9}\\ \\mathrm{eV}$ from the inner galaxy, which could come from annihilating dark-matter particles or from a large hidden population of millisecond pulsars (old, fast-spinning neutron stars).","posed_since":"2009","precise":"The Fermi-LAT excess (spectrum peaking near $1\\text{ to }3\\,\\mathrm{GeV}$, extending $\\sim 10\\text{ to }20\\,\\mathrm{deg}$ from the Galactic center, luminosity of order $10^{37}\\,\\mathrm{erg/s}$) fits either dark-matter annihilation (mass $\\sim 30\\text{ to }70\\,\\mathrm{GeV}$ into b quarks, $\\langle \\sigma v\\rangle \\sim 2 \\times 10^{-26}\\,\\mathrm{cm}^3/\\mathrm{s}$) or tens of thousands of unresolved bulge millisecond pulsars. Determine which. Answer: an identification at $5\\sigma$ from morphology, photon-count statistics, radio pulsar counts, or matching signals in dwarf galaxies.","problem_ref":"4a7be8424f806d8f791ffbb84777be709933ad6baeac740e8cd5e6a82d6a15d0","references":"","settled_by":"A radio census of bulge millisecond pulsars, or a dwarf-galaxy gamma-ray detection with the predicted annihilation cross-section.","status_note":"Through 2025, analyses disagree on whether the excess traces the stellar bulge or a spherical profile, and searches for bulge millisecond pulsars remain inconclusive.","title":"Does the Galactic center GeV excess come from dark matter or 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