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Current models stop too early to describe what reaches biological targets.","posed_since":"1980","precise":"Extend inhomogeneous radiation chemistry past $1\\,\\mathrm{microsecond}$ into the homogeneous regime in realistic cellular media, including oxygen, scavengers at millimolar concentration, lipid and protein targets, and track overlap at high dose rate. Required outputs: yields $G$ of hydroxyl radical, hydrated electron, hydroperoxyl, hydrogen peroxide and organic peroxyl species versus time, LET and dose rate. 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