{"schema":"pubphys.bundle/1","record":{"author":{"account_ref":null,"orcid":null},"builds_on":[],"content_schema":"pubphys.content.revision/1","content_sha256":"dec9def61bfdce270d912185594568ac264fee03f95968e82ffe196034d9c0e6","created":"2026-10-03T07:17:58Z","files":[],"origin":{"assisted_by":[],"kind":"seed"},"parents":["5475cf5dc5b1a72283d26dc95dc6e00d7ea4e00096a7c6492e409a1816eeb011","a1cb891d6d5f9723a2901a04f187ba4d539a0a66b5982d5154cf11e0dc2e6ac4"],"salt":"c7b30f4fb9031300cb54b56a8c4d7687c02ec7e706e1a9294f8e3579cb114b6a","schema":"pubphys.record/2","site":"pubphys.com","target":null,"type":"revision"},"content":{"answer_type":"value","assisted_by":[],"external_id":"bio.supercooled-water.llcp-location","kind":"well-posed","literature_status":"open","n":"1","parents":[{"note":"","parent_revision":"a1cb891d6d5f9723a2901a04f187ba4d539a0a66b5982d5154cf11e0dc2e6ac4","relation":"special_case"}],"plain":"If water's second critical point exists, its temperature and pressure must be pinned down. Model estimates disagree by tens of kelvin and by thousands of atmospheres.","posed_since":"","precise":"Assuming the LLCP exists, determine $(T_{c}, P_{c})$ for H2O. Published model results and extrapolations from experiment span roughly $T_{c} = 170 \\text{ to } 230\\,\\mathrm{K}$ and $P_{c}$ from about $0 \\text{ to } 2e9\\,\\mathrm{dyn}/\\mathrm{cm}^{2}$ ($0 \\text{ to } 2\\,\\mathrm{kbar}$), all approximate. An answer is a measured or reliably computed $(T_{c}, P_{c})$ with error bars, consistent with thermodynamic data at accessible conditions.","problem_ref":null,"references":"","settled_by":"Experimental location of the LLCP, or first-principles simulations including nuclear quantum effects whose predictions match measured response functions of supercooled water.","status_note":"A 2026 ultrafast X-ray experiment placed the critical temperature near $210 \\pm 8\\,\\mathrm{K}$ (You et al., Science 2026); the critical pressure and an independent confirmation remain open.","title":"Location of water's liquid-liquid critical point","topic_ref":"b1cabd44310015cc3941b7af0461d416e3c8ad464f6c3ad6f6fdbf54214bd97e"},"content_withheld":"false","files":[],"attested":{"attestation":{"batch":null,"client_id":null,"id_token_sha256":null,"kind":"platform"},"record_hash":"ab24ab5039676ea09cea6242356dc65d0fdd628b5014271d9b0d8b6f1be12037","schema":"pubphys.attested/1"},"id_token":null,"id_token_withheld":"false","envelope":{"attested_hash":"f878e08593e3d26b90ef0d856bacba6feaac14218b666e97e48cf9ee157d4b89","platform_signature":{"key_id":"c6afc19b31429869751f06879c75cd64ea92654423d15b44be775bf1310a60da","sig":"1iWL0DdMVseFXK04vDmM_A3A19gNtmCz0kFcMBzAVP8oly36cswC0U2HVLmjKkMNrvVjef0nSYfJXgjol1LHAA"},"schema":"pubphys.envelope/1"},"ots":{"attested":["AE9wZW5UaW1lc3RhbXBzAABQcm9vZgC_ieLohOiSlAEI-HjghZPj0muQ7w2Fa6y6b-qsFCGLZm6X5Iz57hV9S4nxIPhR9i2fkpfMORtjmbsQ9dR4CusXOLRn1nMPFDQcPcvBCPAgxwCSTWRY58hhJHrwdMjYGa8Ce9RhV6HNr03GyOZLtTgI8SDVn8vpS8jHK0VT94-8WB2toL6PZLTtLsn9tkXgzQ31OwjwIFUKWOJGFE4dLjAqZoimlQsf4uMO6GF5JfdBXBBAYzBkCPEgWIx0uvtEGVwIUcH3hpddUnylrquUUn-Kl9rzmeVhbesI8CCaVvGFcFjWuGlxcE3iF0dvk0TcN-e8_-WkY_vxMeYSCQjwII1OGo6m_8GpiiXK1pC7312jTWia9PNuWF9nWxoSLBVxCPAgwaB6v5-rgNtbRovqByHYFx5vLPaMlAE1dmQXdsyW6UQI8SDWlL7IzfO_cwYxfadaDmoPVp0tptPmw2XmYaU4JMe_wgj_8Ah24IVYDhTLjQjwED2StpR20zKnAmFKLczkHJkI8CCe67kSLOh57nysQqZi1IHlJdGlLtKL-P9z6nKaUvm3XQjxICOd9Lx83cM_96PY2EN1mm5UmleuFn5-z5m8uVi8iPgNCPEEasCsO_AISExe0692tcT_AIPf4w0u-QyOLCtodHRwczovL2JvYi5idGMuY2FsZW5kYXIub3BlbnRpbWVzdGFtcHMub3JnCPAgV1njYlhVpbXxxNJ5A17FSiMpFFMLjm4bJzftn7wbffII8CDOVX-4-vLDhYFcrGDHOUtPR4aPn6sWFt6EOKClF-yaTwjwIGihx0Ad7HXfcNYbuDTIe75m_qdF9q-LslSigo9Ru0tvCPEgFtjIOgc4vcoI664yGAe8PdH8DHMR9uErKi5sz8gDBn8I8CDEPOt85b3mCKTSlla2WgzmuL6MMKDoNgnE1vIF7cSt3QjxIK2cRhgH_rfI4c_3izFMgTdSITa3WA0XDR1r0HMDRvcKCPAglTlBxtWF7nW2hSIFGL6wiHr0Vr29rm4UAKPs9Hbg9K0I8SAwXinq1RpDtydnlw8Ha2koqF2yFrHSDxDdbPKSMCSEtgjwIFdpAd59yWeR8AUI6US9Qlip6r3Qo2ZN0XAC5OjdsB4oCPAgfsG5YzZX6hJQ9ubmZDYOrWkvNWA0VNr3zKhlUONtDvQI8VkBAAAAASTON1FOjCzEaz5QlKqLLL7tav5J6J7Ocspclk4MWc1lAAAAAAD-____Ai4AAQAAAAAAFgAUK2LdxOzpZSkQhJi9xS-fPZe_P-cAAAAAAAAAACJqIPAE4ssOAAgI8SC5m3CDu4sb96QrcFDGdVUBirrOeBfZWfPsORAg-WboiAgI8CBuspwshUyzxO0YJPtGRgrQQ8qjUMfGL2kmTR8vA_KfIwgI8CDF_M6A9gXtWFr3Mf23sVT0ZgV9ISvnaPG_LfUmq4pkFQgI8SBul7aaiBHJS5Yc3CtS1Y6qDxq445i58p6PLXBEzMxAhAgI8CBeppX1zhWOdSYayuHs3vM0JSle-TmGWKm7covAVsZgLAgI8CCilHCZlaM_rvoHokVf_mR3RdFRD12hDxVn_yV_9HuxtggI8SBjHg9GeUFjSgXABKR4bdNOxRSCC1umkifH9wjJCjbJ3ggI8CARa-iXvK5Ae5MITxm6tMkYBcGbL1vSYWObFw0ba6tEMAgI8CABwMF2rrPslICiAiQeZlb8fFWbiYI8J6W9Klj4NaYugwgI8SACYW_HHn5FR0wDMpnbMWvv4vrVLmuti3KQC0Jzxu0ffwgI8CA77BagYT3wC-kwrV2Xe4AVpjKceoomflINCX_y5XLLYAgI8CAyUQV-kNFYHvq2vpNf4O-siVkxKellhddyNyaU57GTyQgI8CC8pGQm5AvVUIJeYMrTyioq-k_Z07ykestOYlkhwU0IMwgIAAWIlg1z1xkBA-OXO_AIfrBm5kAMH2cI8BAGKsbR52Yj2ZyRBj8fybyrCPEg15Kg4Ne2LGSKxM-WnEce5gVwiluZijYEWJ8P_lNnKQ4I8QRqwKw68AhHyujKJ6ONvP8Ag9_jDS75DI4uLWh0dHBzOi8vYWxpY2UuYnRjLmNhbGVuZGFyLm9wZW50aW1lc3RhbXBzLm9yZwjwINdJ8ieiZ-JLIUEEAihNC7494QQupy0QVSM2j1eHofFcCPAgkGgKlpcRG2nP1zqtTDpX_YjihxLMV7Kc24ytLy6cvAcI8CCN4kW0V1HA8a4QHZGZhZSNeZ8kgkhGe4PdtrRdV5Z-QwjxIGGL2dS-L-Kz7v1Ki33Bz7cEm9jh9hoT4FXFYYR-g6ZECPAg2QiKEdtLAvrnIT-NKAJnC5vRCRVe8c8KZY-eAHlWnV0I8SC7ywYzxaQqM9vZvWH9qkZ1ezyPRqsRPKM1UH5PUMAqqwjxIGV3DLnbxKAfzCfLajltjy0ygCHkAZxPtW386bUXNoEfCPFZAQAAAAH16vm5sVqjs-wecCpMI8xxr9keLO2NGe-i6l1mDYZs9AAAAAAA_v___wL9HAAAAAAAABYAFJfrJJnWQ7Z-x57m-pheBz9rlZ-6AAAAAAAAAAAiaiDwBODLDgAICPAgQ5kLGxF3OOh7vA4r4QgTNSxhMWuE0zPsKOx6aAlYwU0ICPAgrcub5ELTx887PMagKzmIVUo4Gg6BtaLt3KI7-fz-8EEICPEg0FgdJHVwk8G5Pk6k7dEH0TMswzSzrVNV1xYLxkkZVvMICPAgtjymv0AiAWba16HatRnRM6aSEjLDEQzp869oBYyyjgAICPAgsEP0Beu23BZP7idrNFQmZn-TxiI05kwqbf6p1WOaf_AICPEgG88se8_qMTzI7uj77UIc6ySEMh9mQHPaMi7mHps25mUICPAguW4eye-LlJPda_C8Mmx0BQjQQtz1nrsLTAgjRSlo9fQICPEgH-Edk1DT42l_z1g1CJqaCEytCaFvPc2jCpw9cJRBIvAICPEgtrzZnZu3sj-WLZdck809J45YjHQC5dVYihvrN2xts7MICPAgqWyFTc9RhVV3SZNs3fNoQVKDRRXplDwbeyCXVhDnIj8ICPAgbWHUUHK7V9RbQptUsRe7MfuXDtOFPCs2yYfH6gZMkXgICPAgR7Nixpl-oCPpVe8qdUa1e_7Rn3YgQMJxBRegeslx8wEICPAgE6LVZm1wTAIsYWfkCsuUOJUdBbrHQP8HCAtU2wexpsQICAAFiJYNc9cZAQPilzs"],"envelope":["AE9wZW5UaW1lc3RhbXBzAABQcm9vZgC_ieLohOiSlAEIFdxGudu8qNENjrkTqmLYBzugMFPeCDxlUsmoAQrajnfwIBYB8IP2eM2I_9Bv1GvIPR6GGngI2mizOFhmrMquP_RACPEgbRfg9QkkTcZghFfHdYYVzm5GAVM4hE4UWSj9o_NTx1wI8CCS13HCJVIc0sIhTX5T5ZTsaaBoCmWrEWFdBT5_7kcl8AjxIM_6ASnOzgGc-eNQh1fui-UfAX-HGOZ-Z6bQor5lKPw9CPAg-rKQ-ADXHexHJ3hYMOIN3ezjrp6eYRGfrXztxk6MTmgI8SBI5WWS1t7Z8flsvGBE5Hb8T0f8W517Pp3rLy_9wzKg9wjxIOW1ns_c0c5c2jYSiKKGb0P9jWELAq018HKkhPTXz3YCCPAg4duurmZDAdfNGsSTw9mNvFYpVAY2z2S-jm5XHnSBx-UI8SByOXFSMcZPx-OI54voF1A1KoKCW2ZGWFJKc0hkOGWyGQjwIMIc4xq7iJ2YP27EtWYUvEm4-TQD7cayDq2XvZh74n3BCPAg3v2QXfNkDO6Xzu9061umH0rhjRfHBKza3uG2nPQbpd8I8CCtNZgmApuKULvPC9nsMCaM05arV-F3o5FTlnJCnRvdMgjwIBGYo5Vxy-d7U5zKv5vp3Ii7hJPH_BDLCzA13c47p9q7CP_wCHbghVgOFMuNCPAQPZK2lHbTMqcCYUotzOQcmQjwIJ7ruRIs6HnufKxCpmLUgeUl0aUu0ov4_3PqcppS-bddCPEgI530vHzdwz_3o9jYQ3WablSaV64Wfn7Pmby5WLyI-A0I8QRqwKw78AhITF7Tr3a1xP8Ag9_jDS75DI4sK2h0dHBzOi8vYm9iLmJ0Yy5jYWxlbmRhci5vcGVudGltZXN0YW1wcy5vcmcI8CBXWeNiWFWltfHE0nkDXsVKIykUUwuObhsnN-2fvBt98gjwIM5Vf7j68sOFgVysYMc5S09Hho-fqxYW3oQ4oKUX7JpPCPAgaKHHQB3sdd9w1hu4NMh7vmb-p0X2r4uyVKKCj1G7S28I8SAW2Mg6Bzi9ygjrrjIYB7w90fwMcxH24SsqLmzPyAMGfwjwIMQ863zlveYIpNKWVrZaDOa4vowwoOg2CcTW8gXtxK3dCPEgrZxGGAf-t8jhz_eLMUyBN1IhNrdYDRcNHWvQcwNG9woI8CCVOUHG1YXudbaFIgUYvrCIevRWvb2ubhQAo-z0duD0rQjxIDBeKerVGkO3J2eXDwdraSioXbIWsdIPEN1s8pIwJIS2CPAgV2kB3n3JZ5HwBQjpRL1CWKnqvdCjZk3RcALk6N2wHigI8CB-wbljNlfqElD25uZkNg6taS81YDRU2vfMqGVQ420O9AjxWQEAAAABJM43UU6MLMRrPlCUqossvu1q_knons5yylyWTgxZzWUAAAAAAP7___8CLgABAAAAAAAWABQrYt3E7OllKRCEmL3FL589l78_5wAAAAAAAAAAImog8ATiyw4ACAjxILmbcIO7ixv3pCtwUMZ1VQGKus54F9lZ8-w5ECD5ZuiICAjwIG6ynCyFTLPE7Rgk-0ZGCtBDyqNQx8YvaSZNHy8D8p8jCAjwIMX8zoD2Be1YWvcx_bexVPRmBX0hK-do8b8t9SarimQVCAjxIG6XtpqIEclLlhzcK1LVjqoPGrjjmLnyno8tcETMzECECAjwIF6mlfXOFY51JhrK4eze8zQlKV75OYZYqbtyi8BWxmAsCAjwIKKUcJmVoz-u-geiRV_-ZHdF0VEPXaEPFWf_JX_0e7G2CAjxIGMeD0Z5QWNKBcAEpHht007FFIILW6aSJ8f3CMkKNsneCAjwIBFr6Je8rkB7kwhPGbq0yRgFwZsvW9JhY5sXDRtrq0QwCAjwIAHAwXaus-yUgKICJB5mVvx8VZuJgjwnpb0qWPg1pi6DCAjxIAJhb8cefkVHTAMymdsxa-_i-tUua62LcpALQnPG7R9_CAjwIDvsFqBhPfAL6TCtXZd7gBWmMpx6iiZ-Ug0Jf_LlcstgCAjwIDJRBX6Q0Vge-ra-k1_g76yJWTEp6WWF13I3JpTnsZPJCAjwILykZCbkC9VQgl5gytPKKir6T9nTvKR6y05iWSHBTQgzCAgABYiWDXPXGQED45c78Ah-sGbmQAwfZwjwEAYqxtHnZiPZnJEGPx_JvKsI8SDXkqDg17YsZIrEz5acRx7mBXCKW5mKNgRYnw_-U2cpDgjxBGrArDrwCEfK6Mono428_wCD3-MNLvkMji4taHR0cHM6Ly9hbGljZS5idGMuY2FsZW5kYXIub3BlbnRpbWVzdGFtcHMub3JnCPAg10nyJ6Jn4kshQQQCKE0Lvj3hBC6nLRBVIzaPV4eh8VwI8CCQaAqWlxEbac_XOq1MOlf9iOKHEsxXspzbjK0vLpy8BwjwII3iRbRXUcDxrhAdkZmFlI15nySCSEZ7g922tF1Xln5DCPEgYYvZ1L4v4rPu_UqLfcHPtwSb2OH2GhPgVcVhhH6DpkQI8CDZCIoR20sC-uchP40oAmcLm9EJFV7xzwplj54AeVadXQjxILvLBjPFpCoz29m9Yf2qRnV7PI9GqxE8ozVQfk9QwCqrCPEgZXcMudvEoB_MJ8tqOW2PLTKAIeQBnE-1bfzptRc2gR8I8VkBAAAAAfXq-bmxWqOz7B5wKkwjzHGv2R4s7Y0Z76LqXWYNhmz0AAAAAAD-____Av0cAAAAAAAAFgAUl-skmdZDtn7Hnub6mF4HP2uVn7oAAAAAAAAAACJqIPAE4MsOAAgI8CBDmQsbEXc46Hu8DivhCBM1LGExa4TTM-wo7HpoCVjBTQgI8CCty5vkQtPHzzs8xqArOYhVSjgaDoG1ou3cojv5_P7wQQgI8SDQWB0kdXCTwbk-TqTt0QfRMyzDNLOtU1XXFgvGSRlW8wgI8CC2PKa_QCIBZtrXodq1GdEzppISMsMRDOnzr2gFjLKOAAgI8CCwQ_QF67bcFk_uJ2s0VCZmf5PGIjTmTCpt_qnVY5p_8AgI8SAbzyx7z-oxPMju6PvtQhzrJIQyH2ZAc9oyLuYemzbmZQgI8CC5bh7J74uUk91r8LwybHQFCNBC3PWeuwtMCCNFKWj19AgI8SAf4R2TUNPjaX_PWDUImpoITK0JoW89zaMKnD1wlEEi8AgI8SC2vNmdm7eyP5Ytl1yTzT0njliMdALl1ViKG-s3bG2zswgI8CCpbIVNz1GFVXdJk2zd82hBUoNFFemUPBt7IJdWEOciPwgI8CBtYdRQcrtX1FtCm1SxF7sx-5cO04U8KzbJh8fqBkyReAgI8CBHs2LGmX6gI-lV7yp1RrV7_tGfdiBAwnEFF6B6yXHzAQgI8CATotVmbXBMAixhZ-QKy5Q4lR0FusdA_wcIC1TbB7GmxAgIAAWIlg1z1xkBA-KXOw"]},"log":{"leaf_index":"874","tree_size":"2123","proof":["9f25a961c3fb84859d8dff7581fb874a4a3182fa588a7697d1ede443d1ea8256","4526edcbe57b32d9262a20ae8901428e501ece67d171a81f4bc75318d65de79a","0524829acf7f728616e6913726df3247d7dbb9903d763c994ce53570d40d16a8","dc3b25abb5900a8caef2ec88aeb9bf39494830c1d2b89d8fb727b33d2801ef01","cb3cbb0d3d3eba04ee8afceb34915395a88f62e8a57dd9a749b4a622697219cb","e77711fbcf119a024b38ad4979c869f764489a24d728cb560248e370c185b366","5ecc83ce2a0a6a0b32bd81f4758ee72170756fb346ac2b8fc45c2c1e3c306352","3da8ba69a14fe8a80e419cbc158ef45e4ebf9476aa4342fe43b8a2fe83bd6988","cba222c71b49d79b667b9eb145f4a2927b31dafcf0f9407638f19a25d0726210","14108339881e6713df1e6d34582069c609e80460dc60638e661361aa4403ff51","ec3fa24572dee1df200ec665f3e3244d925b199f0f84e225b820c3b66bd7b094","addcf2e0ff7974e4aa99af5e30d409f90d9f4311a4d85f5baf3e125eeb45b4c1"],"checkpoint":"pubphys.com/log/v1\n2123\npXVcluz7BF4vgChQs6lShuU0386gCH0RxrC1sxyE3rI=\n\n— pubphys.com/log/v1 JFPwIOLzsUD22XoTVyTfk/FMVj/u3f3DxZk4V/Ws10KVSS+8WQSwhunQ//EAhyS9Td5CyM0E++85GMezmKd8240j9Q8=\n","promise":null},"orcid_key_evidence":[],"attesting":null}