{"record":{"author":{"account_ref":null,"orcid":null},"builds_on":[],"content_schema":"pubphys.content.revision/1","content_sha256":"f12fbeda07d9d77f8e2b226600904df7d12b54ed70ccf8c46164702100172353","created":"2026-10-15T23:43:22Z","files":[],"origin":{"assisted_by":["ai:gpt-5.5"],"kind":"seed"},"parents":["a35f5c755029ecd93ef4123e0565852afd7fa2d5fb705081ea6a74e8a686e8dc","ce59fb6cd812fc05906d0c60a71c75ea22bc686bcf38e7c3ef7010834d98ee7b"],"salt":"99461ee69cb9cfb216652400bf54031fd463b2f985e97ee0b4bb6b82f2ac4d1a","schema":"pubphys.record/2","site":"pubphys.com","target":null,"type":"revision"},"content":{"answer_type":"value","assisted_by":["ai:gpt-5.5"],"external_id":"fluid.drop-impact.jet-drop-size","kind":"well-posed","literature_status":"contested","n":"2","parents":[],"plain":"When a bubble bursts at a liquid surface, a thin jet shoots up and breaks into tiny droplets that carry sea salt and microbes into the air. How small the first droplet can be, as a function of liquid properties and bubble size, is disputed.","posed_since":"2017","precise":"For a bubble of radius $R_b$ bursting at the free surface of a liquid with viscosity $\\mu$, density $\\rho$ and surface tension $\\sigma$, the first jet-drop radius $r_d$ depends on $\\mathrm{Oh} = \\mu/\\sqrt{\\rho \\sigma R_b}$ and $\\mathrm{Bo} = \\rho g R_b^{2}/\\sigma$. Determine the scaling of $r_d/R_b$ near the critical Ohnesorge number $\\mathrm{Oh}*$ (a few times $10^{-2}$, approximately) at which the jet is thinnest, and the minimum $r_d$ as $\\mathrm{Bo} \\to 0$.","problem_ref":"a35f5c755029ecd93ef4123e0565852afd7fa2d5fb705081ea6a74e8a686e8dc","references":"","settled_by":"High-speed imaging and simulations resolving $r_{d}$ over a decade in Oh around $\\mathrm{Oh}*$ with $\\mathrm{Bo} < 10^{-2}$.","status_note":"Competing scaling laws proposed since 2017 differ near $\\mathrm{Oh}*$.","title":"Size of the smallest jet drops from bursting bubbles","topic_ref":null},"attested":{"attestation":{"batch":null,"client_id":null,"id_token_sha256":null,"kind":"platform"},"record_hash":"b01147abce95b95a7260b17fe0e0c94c399a966c9c61bffd34b54e3f995776d8","schema":"pubphys.attested/1"},"envelope":{"attested_hash":"a45f2207c8d3f2bb219bccb194eabac4923b1c83687279df8364271ef1175d7e","platform_signature":{"key_id":"c6afc19b31429869751f06879c75cd64ea92654423d15b44be775bf1310a60da","sig":"GpoHEPlFP_7MD4TJF8YLBkw3jmJPTlMoB_cWZpJwDCCk87if4hdpl2DuRy2Uv3uYtMiuPAAQCthadRjMfgveBw"},"schema":"pubphys.envelope/1"},"record_hash":"b01147abce95b95a7260b17fe0e0c94c399a966c9c61bffd34b54e3f995776d8","leaf_index":3264}