{"schema":"pubphys.bundle/1","record":{"author":{"account_ref":null,"orcid":null},"builds_on":[],"content_schema":"pubphys.content.revision/1","content_sha256":"326c99cd09a4bc67ae2a5e197873fa4e4edc6613f998ca462ec62be8d1eadc41","created":"2026-10-03T07:18:05Z","files":[],"origin":{"assisted_by":[],"kind":"seed"},"parents":["5475cf5dc5b1a72283d26dc95dc6e00d7ea4e00096a7c6492e409a1816eeb011"],"salt":"fb4bd4c5de084c5eaf2ef261be966347c6771ac8dbed06646ef9db203a920ae0","schema":"pubphys.record/2","site":"pubphys.com","target":null,"type":"revision"},"content":{"answer_type":"yes-no","assisted_by":[],"external_id":"hep.grand-unification.force-unification","kind":"well-posed","literature_status":"open","n":"1","parents":[],"plain":"The strengths of the three forces change with energy and nearly meet near $1e16\\, \\mathrm{GeV}$. Whether they truly become one force is unknown.","posed_since":"1974","precise":"Determine whether SU(3) x SU(2) x U(1) embeds in a simple group ($\\mathrm{SU}(5), \\mathrm{SO}(10), \\mathrm{E6}$) broken near $M_{\\mathrm{GUT}} \\sim 1e15\\ \\text{to}\\ 1e16\\,\\mathrm{GeV}$. In the SM the three couplings do not meet at a point; in the MSSM they meet at $\\sim 2e16\\,\\mathrm{GeV}$. An answer is an observation of a unification-specific effect such as proton decay with a branching pattern fixed by the group.","problem_ref":null,"references":"","settled_by":"Detection of proton decay in one or more channels with branching ratios matching a specific GUT.","status_note":"","title":"Do the SM gauge forces unify into a single 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