{"schema":"pubphys.bundle/1","record":{"author":{"account_ref":null,"orcid":null},"builds_on":[],"content_schema":"pubphys.content.revision/1","content_sha256":"98fcc9586acf3daf45c894b38947178f72e25a96d6a4d697fb7dfbe1799e0290","created":"2026-10-03T07:17:54Z","files":[],"origin":{"assisted_by":[],"kind":"seed"},"parents":["5475cf5dc5b1a72283d26dc95dc6e00d7ea4e00096a7c6492e409a1816eeb011"],"salt":"ab5b255235575190610304f6e460b8bd444a5a9fbcb86b57b09a10689dda1772","schema":"pubphys.record/2","site":"pubphys.com","target":null,"type":"revision"},"content":{"answer_type":"yes-no","assisted_by":[],"external_id":"astro.accretion-jet-launching.lf-qpo-origin","kind":"well-posed","literature_status":"contested","n":"1","parents":[],"plain":"The X-ray brightness of accreting black holes wobbles with a near-regular period of 0.03 to 10 s (a quasi-periodic oscillation, QPO), possibly because frame dragging by the spinning hole makes the inner gas flow precess like a tilted top.","posed_since":"","precise":"Type-C QPOs at 0.1 to 30 Hz appear in hard and intermediate states of black-hole X-ray binaries. Determine whether they arise from Lense-Thirring precession of a hot inner flow inside the disk truncation radius or from disk instabilities (accretion-ejection instability, oscillation modes), using QPO-phase-resolved iron-line centroid modulation, inclination dependence of QPO amplitude and phase lags, and QPO-phase-resolved X-ray polarization. Answer: yes or no for precession, with the evidence.","problem_ref":null,"references":"","settled_by":"QPO-phase-resolved X-ray polarimetry and iron-line spectroscopy in several sources showing or excluding the modulation pattern predicted by precession.","status_note":"2016: QPO-phase-resolved spectroscopy of H1743-322 found the iron-line centroid energy modulated with QPO phase, as precession predicts; instability models are not excluded.","title":"Are low-frequency QPOs caused by Lense-Thirring 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