{"schema":"pubphys.bundle/1","record":{"author":{"account_ref":null,"orcid":null},"builds_on":[],"content_schema":"pubphys.content.revision/1","content_sha256":"087ece4f135011894ad50b83285cd941d71073250a30a8155c361cfac653077c","created":"2026-10-03T07:17:55Z","files":[],"origin":{"assisted_by":[],"kind":"seed"},"parents":["5475cf5dc5b1a72283d26dc95dc6e00d7ea4e00096a7c6492e409a1816eeb011"],"salt":"142a91b44f687190791fafbcda919d57378132997ad3634be5e9358430d64a3f","schema":"pubphys.record/2","site":"pubphys.com","target":null,"type":"revision"},"content":{"answer_type":"mechanism","assisted_by":[],"external_id":"astro.high-energy-neutrino-sources.txs-0506-flare","kind":"phenomenon","literature_status":"open","n":"1","parents":[],"plain":"In 2017 a neutrino was traced to a flaring blazar (a galaxy whose jet points at us), but an earlier and larger neutrino outburst from the same object in 2014-2015 came with no gamma-ray flare.","posed_since":"2018","precise":"IceCube-170922A coincided with a gamma-ray flare of TXS 0506+056 (about $3\\sigma$), while archival data show an excess of $13 \\pm 5$ neutrinos in 2014-2015 ($3.5\\sigma$) with no rise in gamma rays. One-zone lepto-hadronic models cannot give that neutrino luminosity without overproducing X rays and gamma rays from cascades. Determine the emission geometry (multiple zones, a compact core dense in target photons, jet interaction with clouds or stars) that fits both episodes, and whether it allows gamma-ray blazars to supply more than $\\sim 10\\ \\text{percent}$ of the diffuse flux. Answer: a model fitting both episodes and the multiwavelength data.","problem_ref":null,"references":"","settled_by":"Further neutrino flares from blazars with simultaneous X-ray and MeV coverage that fix the cascade budget.","status_note":"","title":"How did blazar TXS 0506+056 emit neutrinos without gamma 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