{"record":{"author":{"account_ref":null,"orcid":null},"builds_on":[],"content_schema":"pubphys.content.revision/1","content_sha256":"a33729aaeaad77bb809f30985d9caa46283f7db567d39306d0a81b2151af4ded","created":"2026-10-15T23:43:22Z","files":[],"origin":{"assisted_by":[],"kind":"seed"},"parents":["52d79ac04090d5db75042b6a453fa0624885f222dcb7d3932fecb8fca21bb09b","ce59fb6cd812fc05906d0c60a71c75ea22bc686bcf38e7c3ef7010834d98ee7b"],"salt":"2eac58caaa08f00e4a2b3c29bcdbcee42fcc57f5fba192bcc36c08a41f1db84d","schema":"pubphys.record/2","site":"pubphys.com","target":null,"type":"revision"},"content":{"answer_type":"identification","assisted_by":[],"external_id":"astro.cosmic-ray-origins.uhecr-sources","kind":"phenomenon","literature_status":"open","n":"2","parents":[],"plain":"The most energetic cosmic rays come from outside our galaxy, but magnetic fields bend their paths, so their sources have not been identified.","posed_since":"","precise":"For $E > 8 \\times 10^{18}\\ \\mathrm{eV}$ (Auger large-scale dipole, amplitude $\\sim 6.5\\%$, pointing away from the Galactic center) and $E > 4 \\times 10^{19}\\ \\mathrm{eV}$ (intermediate-scale excesses near Centaurus A and starburst galaxies for Auger, the hotspot for Telescope Array), identify the source population (AGN jets, starburst galaxies, gamma-ray bursts, tidal disruption events, magnetars). Answer: a source class whose emissivity, maximum rigidity and composition reproduce the spectrum, the shower-depth ($X_{\\max}$) distributions and the arrival-direction anisotropies after propagation through Galactic and extragalactic magnetic fields.","problem_ref":"52d79ac04090d5db75042b6a453fa0624885f222dcb7d3932fecb8fca21bb09b","references":"","settled_by":"Per-event mass estimates above $4 \\times 10^{19}\\,\\mathrm{eV}$ (AugerPrime) allowing light nuclei to be traced back, together with a $5\\sigma$ intermediate-scale anisotropy associated with a source catalog.","status_note":"2023: Telescope Array reported a $2.4 \\times 10^{20}\\ \\mathrm{eV}$ event (Amaterasu) whose arrival direction points toward the Local Void with no plausible nearby source.","title":"Which sources accelerate cosmic rays above $10^{19}\\,\\mathrm{eV}$?","topic_ref":null},"attested":{"attestation":{"batch":null,"client_id":null,"id_token_sha256":null,"kind":"platform"},"record_hash":"b8421f453d2c6cae80fdeba48c4d53532a18a1a6c47e03d1fad6fd3471cdf5b7","schema":"pubphys.attested/1"},"envelope":{"attested_hash":"44fa3d2b3df1486dda11800ee1a6f5618fd2d0b2e29cf36840705281fd8e2053","platform_signature":{"key_id":"c6afc19b31429869751f06879c75cd64ea92654423d15b44be775bf1310a60da","sig":"dlh2JGOWtFEM8kYgHPqaxWFJiGn1EsodkscPMc08JIzQWNK5cIL7wyLrF5Wpi3CbvbAEoLItEzw9HuLAgjyNCw"},"schema":"pubphys.envelope/1"},"record_hash":"b8421f453d2c6cae80fdeba48c4d53532a18a1a6c47e03d1fad6fd3471cdf5b7","leaf_index":2340}