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Where that dose ends up is not known.","posed_since":"2010","precise":"Determine the absorbed dose at cellular scale from Ac-225 and Ra-223 chains, including recoil-induced release of daughters (Fr-221, Bi-213, Pb-209 for Ac-225) and their redistribution, given alpha ranges of 40 to 100 micron and hit numbers of order a few per cell nucleus. An answer is a microdosimetric specific-energy distribution per organ and tumour, with measured daughter redistribution fractions.","problem_ref":null,"references":"","settled_by":"Direct measurement of daughter biodistribution combined with stochastic microdosimetric calculation validated by cellular damage endpoints.","status_note":"Daughter redistribution, particularly to kidney and bone marrow, was recognized but not quantified in patients as of 2025.","title":"Microdosimetry of $\\alpha$ emitters with mobile 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