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Where and when those clouds form is only partly predictable.","posed_since":"2004","precise":"Predict the threshold and spatial extent of histotripsy bubble-cloud formation from the incident pressure waveform, with peak negative pressures of $10^8\\text{ to }3 x 10^8\\,\\mathrm{dyn}/\\mathrm{cm}^2$ and microsecond pulses, including nucleus distribution in tissue, shock scattering from earlier bubbles, and tissue mechanical properties. An answer is a predictive model giving the treated volume boundary to within $1\\,\\mathrm{mm}$.","problem_ref":null,"references":"","settled_by":"High-speed imaging and acoustic measurement of cloud formation across pressure and tissue type, compared with the model prediction and the resulting lesion.","status_note":"","title":"Predicting and controlling histotripsy bubble 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