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Other experiments trace the peroxide to ozone from air or to contact with surfaces.","posed_since":"2019","precise":"For water microdroplets of radius 1 to 20 micrometers produced by spraying or condensation in an oxygen-free and ozone-free atmosphere, determine whether H2O2 forms at concentrations above 1 micromolar from water oxidation at the interface. An answer is a yes or no from controlled experiments that exclude dissolved oxygen, ozone, electrode and solid-contact sources, together with the energy source if yes.","problem_ref":null,"references":"","settled_by":"Isotope-labeled (H2 18O) experiments in rigorously controlled atmospheres with independent quantification of peroxide.","status_note":"Since the 2019 report, claims and counterclaims have attributed the peroxide to interfacial fields, contact electrification or ambient ozone; contested as of 2024 (not rechecked for 2025-2026).","title":"Spontaneous hydrogen peroxide formation in pure water 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