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The goal is to pin down this pressure from star observations combined with theory.","posed_since":"","precise":"Determine the pressure $P(n)$ of cold beta-equilibrated matter for baryon density n between $2\\,n_0$ and $8\\,n_0$ ($n_0 = 0.16\\,\\mathrm{fm}^{-3}$) with 10 percent uncertainty, combining chiral EFT below about $2\\,n_0$, perturbative QCD above about $40\\,n_0$, pulsar masses, NICER (X-ray timing telescope) radii and gravitational-wave tidal deformabilities. Answer: a $P(n)$ band with stated priors.","problem_ref":null,"references":"","settled_by":"Radius measurements with 2 percent precision for stars of 1.4 and 2.0 solar masses, together with post-merger gravitational-wave spectra from next-generation detectors.","status_note":"Combined analyses since 2018 constrain the radius of a 1.4 solar-mass star to roughly 1.15e6 to 1.3e6 cm, while the pressure above about $3 n_{0}$ remained weakly constrained as of 2026.","title":"Pressure of neutron-star matter between two and eight times nuclear 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