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The ratio sets what telescopes see from hot astrophysical gas, and it is not yet pinned down.","posed_since":"","precise":"For Alfvenic turbulence cascading to kinetic scales, determine the ion-to-electron heating ratio $Q_{i}/Q_{e}$ as a function of ion $\\beta_{i}$, $T_{i}/T_{e}$ and the ratio of compressive to Alfvenic energy injection. An answer is a validated fit $Q_{i}/Q_{e}(\\beta_{i}, T_{i}/T_{e})$ consistent with Parker Solar Probe and Solar Orbiter radial temperature profiles.","problem_ref":null,"references":"","settled_by":"Kinetic simulations in agreement with heating rates inferred from spacecraft temperature profiles across the measured $\\beta$ range.","status_note":"Hybrid gyrokinetic simulations (Kawazura and collaborators, 2019-2020) gave a parametric fit with $Q_{\\mathrm{i}}/Q_{\\mathrm{e}}$ rising steeply with $\\beta_{\\mathrm{i}}$; observational confirmation is incomplete.","title":"Ion-to-electron heating ratio in collisionless 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