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Calculations and lab experiments disagree by a large factor.","posed_since":"","precise":"Determine the thermal conductivity $k$ of the outer-core Fe-Ni-light-element liquid at $P \\sim 1.36 \\times 10^{12}\\,\\mathrm{dyn}/\\mathrm{cm}^2$ and $T \\sim 4000\\,\\mathrm{K}$. Ab initio calculations give $k$ of order $10^{7}\\ \\text{to}\\ 2.5 \\times 10^{7}\\,\\mathrm{erg}/(\\mathrm{s}\\,\\mathrm{cm}\\,\\mathrm{K})$ while some laser-heated diamond-anvil measurements give values near $3 \\times 10^{6}\\,\\mathrm{erg}/(\\mathrm{s}\\,\\mathrm{cm}\\,\\mathrm{K})$. An answer is $k$ with about 20 percent uncertainty including light-element and electron-electron scattering contributions.","problem_ref":"1fc9f206aed3d35a921169e38cb284d232b5b0356f375c9a4e47fe835aef0623","references":"","settled_by":"Concordant dynamic or static high-pressure transport measurements at core conditions and ab initio calculations including electron-electron scattering.","status_note":"Experiment-theory disagreement persists as of 2024 to 2025, with new calculations for Fe-H and Fe-Si alloys (e.g. arXiv:2408.04521).","title":"Thermal conductivity of liquid iron alloy at core-mantle boundary 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