{"schema":"pubphys.bundle/1","record":{"author":{"account_ref":null,"orcid":null},"builds_on":[],"content_schema":"pubphys.content.revision/1","content_sha256":"b2e4412032a211ff32960a7a8133c44af066a6b643a807e59c5da6e3bdd4aa3d","created":"2026-10-03T07:18:08Z","files":[],"origin":{"assisted_by":[],"kind":"seed"},"parents":["5475cf5dc5b1a72283d26dc95dc6e00d7ea4e00096a7c6492e409a1816eeb011"],"salt":"aa0fd1e0e8d93abef1653b6e5d3610914d20dfcf6aaed9815e8c59dff093e459","schema":"pubphys.record/2","site":"pubphys.com","target":null,"type":"revision"},"content":{"answer_type":"value","assisted_by":[],"external_id":"plasma.reconnection.plasmoid-regime-3d","kind":"well-posed","literature_status":"partially-resolved","n":"1","parents":[],"plain":"In very large, highly conducting plasmas the reconnecting layer breaks into a chain of magnetic bubbles called plasmoids, which speeds reconnection up. In two-dimensional simulations the resulting rate is known, but real systems are three-dimensional, where the bubbles become twisted tubes and turbulence develops.","posed_since":"","precise":"In resistive (and Hall) MHD reconnection with Lundquist number S = L v_A/eta far above the critical $S_c\\sim1e4$, $2\\mathrm{D}$ simulations give a rate ~0.01 v_A B_0/c independent of $S$ and a power-law plasmoid size distribution. Determine in $3\\mathrm{D}$ the asymptotic rate as $S$ goes to $\\infty$, the critical $S_c$, the flux-rope size distribution and whether self-generated turbulence makes the $3\\mathrm{D}$ rate differ from the 2D value. An answer is converged $3\\mathrm{D}$ values with error bars.","problem_ref":null,"references":"","settled_by":"3D MHD simulations converged in S and resolution, cross-checked against a high-S laboratory experiment.","status_note":"The 2D plasmoid-mediated rate of about 0.01 was established around 2009-2012; the 3D asymptotic regime is still under study in 2025-2026.","title":"Reconnection rate at very high Lundquist number in three 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