{"schema":"pubphys.bundle/1","record":{"author":{"account_ref":null,"orcid":null},"builds_on":[],"content_schema":"pubphys.content.revision/1","content_sha256":"d53ce4f3f054a9f80b1297805286031383e6f945caee08aab253625a1ff3253b","created":"2026-10-03T07:18:03Z","files":[],"origin":{"assisted_by":[],"kind":"seed"},"parents":["5475cf5dc5b1a72283d26dc95dc6e00d7ea4e00096a7c6492e409a1816eeb011","d8aaa94e8dcd916b7e2304cf4d2a6039be9b75e474df6aa2b42a4261fec82181"],"salt":"99225b64d4b528f0f9e6fb8a174109563a3400b69093b4b8fee78d4bc3362969","schema":"pubphys.record/2","site":"pubphys.com","target":null,"type":"revision"},"content":{"answer_type":"identification","assisted_by":[],"external_id":"earth.giant-planet-interiors.metallicity-inversion","kind":"well-posed","literature_status":"open","n":"1","parents":[{"note":"","parent_revision":"d8aaa94e8dcd916b7e2304cf4d2a6039be9b75e474df6aa2b42a4261fec82181","relation":"special_case"}],"plain":"The Galileo probe measured an atmosphere enriched in heavy elements, but many interior models that fit Juno's gravity need a less enriched outer layer. Either the models or the assumed relation between pressure, temperature and density of hydrogen-helium (the equation of state) is wrong, or the planet has an unexpected layering.","posed_since":"","precise":"The Galileo probe found atmospheric heavy-element enrichment of roughly three times solar, while many Juno-fitting interior models require a lower $Z$ in the outer envelope, implying an inverted $Z$ gradient. Determine whether this tension arises from hydrogen-helium equation-of-state errors, deep wind effects on gravity, or a real compositional inversion. An answer is an interior model with atmospheric $Z$ that fits J_2n and $k_2$, or a demonstration that the inversion is required.","problem_ref":null,"references":"","settled_by":"Interior models using independently validated equations of state and wind-corrected gravity harmonics that either remove or require the inversion.","status_note":"","title":"Why do Jupiter models want fewer heavy elements than its atmosphere 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