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A reliable experimental signature that tells them apart is needed.","posed_since":"","precise":"Phase separation of a single component predicts concentration buffering (dilute-phase concentration fixed at $c_{\\mathrm{sat}}$ as total concentration rises), a sharp threshold for droplet appearance, and coexistence behavior, while multicomponent condensates weaken buffering (Riback and co-workers, 2020). Formulate criteria that discriminate phase separation from saturable binding to scaffolds, valid for multicomponent systems, and apply them to standard examples in vivo.","problem_ref":null,"references":"","settled_by":"Criteria derived from multicomponent thermodynamics and tested in vivo on systems where the answer is known independently.","status_note":"","title":"Decisive test that a cellular body forms by phase 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