{"schema":"pubphys.bundle/1","record":{"author":{"account_ref":null,"orcid":null},"builds_on":[],"content_schema":"pubphys.content.revision/1","content_sha256":"8e4871d209e80521ed9ae15e6815adc43256e6e8fd19ec3a12e4acd2fd28ef9f","created":"2026-10-15T23:43:22Z","files":[],"origin":{"assisted_by":[],"kind":"seed"},"parents":["272a0a4b2e54ae24ebd8a126ebfe89e09225841701032170444bfbe66b60e2eb","ce59fb6cd812fc05906d0c60a71c75ea22bc686bcf38e7c3ef7010834d98ee7b"],"salt":"3a137a0336047809fc43c7ca48341da138929b7e2b2e5a30c17f448ef3ca8b08","schema":"pubphys.record/2","site":"pubphys.com","target":null,"type":"revision"},"content":{"answer_type":"value","assisted_by":[],"external_id":"astro.solar-corona-wind.nanoflare-vs-wave","kind":"well-posed","literature_status":"open","n":"2","parents":[],"plain":"Heating could come as countless tiny explosions (nanoflares) or as a steady trickle from waves; each leaves a different temperature fingerprint.","posed_since":"","precise":"For active-region loops at $T \\sim 10^{6}\\ \\text{to}\\ 5 \\times 10^{6}\\,\\mathrm{K}$, determine the fraction of heating delivered impulsively (nanoflares with repeat times longer than the cooling time, producing faint plasma at $5 \\times 10^{6}\\ \\text{to}\\ 10^{7}\\,\\mathrm{K}$) versus steadily. Observables: slope of the emission measure distribution $\\mathrm{EM}(T) \\sim T^a$ below the peak and the hot emission measure above $5 \\times 10^{6}\\,\\mathrm{K}$. Answer: the impulsive fraction with uncertainty.","problem_ref":"272a0a4b2e54ae24ebd8a126ebfe89e09225841701032170444bfbe66b60e2eb","references":"","settled_by":"Spectroscopic measurement of faint $5 \\times 10^{6}\\ \\text{to}\\ 10^{7}\\,\\mathrm{K}$ emission in active regions compared with forward models of both heating types.","status_note":"","title":"Wave versus nanoflare heating fraction in active-region coronal 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