{"record":{"author":{"account_ref":null,"orcid":null},"builds_on":[],"content_schema":"pubphys.content.topic/1","content_sha256":"120b8564de21b3500100ddb610174e33a809e7afbd74529f65b1055051baa0c3","created":"2026-10-03T07:17:50Z","files":[],"origin":{"assisted_by":[],"kind":"seed"},"parents":[],"salt":"c7d2ae115d3668fb63786662f9468ad1c2fcc7c42ac7520c5e1a4f4ac2360842","schema":"pubphys.record/2","site":"pubphys.com","target":null,"type":"topic"},"content":{"external_id":"beams.beam-beam-limit","field":"beams","n":"1","review_cite":"W. Herr, T. Pieloni, Beam-Beam Effects, CERN Accelerator School: Advanced Accelerator Physics, CERN-2014-009, arXiv:1601.05235, 2014","review_link":"https://arxiv.org/abs/1601.05235","review_verified":"true","summary":"When two colliding beams cross, each one's electric field kicks the particles of the other, and above a certain beam density the beams blow up. Why the limit has the value it does is not fully explained.","title":"Physical origin of the beam-beam limit","topic_ref":null,"why":"The beam-beam limit caps luminosity, the collision rate, in every circular collider."},"attested":{"attestation":{"batch":null,"client_id":null,"id_token_sha256":null,"kind":"platform"},"record_hash":"cf4c5b4b7703f6fc5ca4e5b806f0ce813512423a2a628f29932195ffc3bef166","schema":"pubphys.attested/1"},"envelope":{"attested_hash":"338c9df7c5d7cd5082319b147ffb1d089a8cb1904a5f6317c15cd982514f2fde","platform_signature":{"key_id":"c6afc19b31429869751f06879c75cd64ea92654423d15b44be775bf1310a60da","sig":"d8ELSufywb2qfXqmPl2gPky3cfwlXS3kTRpbfAIMjY5-9pF9EQWeh9jX-vxBMM1meuJXMitALJr35Tl6zDOdBA"},"schema":"pubphys.envelope/1"},"record_hash":"cf4c5b4b7703f6fc5ca4e5b806f0ce813512423a2a628f29932195ffc3bef166","leaf_index":61}