{"schema":"pubphys.bundle/1","record":{"author":{"account_ref":null,"orcid":null},"builds_on":[],"content_schema":"pubphys.content.revision/1","content_sha256":"cf660b9d9fa8f7757b2e6bde834879e778e647f098726c53a15308e07cddd513","created":"2026-10-03T07:18:00Z","files":[],"origin":{"assisted_by":[],"kind":"seed"},"parents":["5475cf5dc5b1a72283d26dc95dc6e00d7ea4e00096a7c6492e409a1816eeb011"],"salt":"c70686be8a551dc666f783789cecc33fa541d0ffe04b7966184d9f8bfbba486f","schema":"pubphys.record/2","site":"pubphys.com","target":null,"type":"revision"},"content":{"answer_type":"mechanism","assisted_by":[],"external_id":"cm.kitaev-materials.thermal-hall-carriers","kind":"phenomenon","literature_status":"contested","n":"1","parents":[],"plain":"Heat flowing through $\\alpha$-RuCl3 in a magnetic field is deflected sideways, an effect called the thermal Hall effect. It is unclear whether the sideways heat is carried by Majorana fermions of a spin liquid, by magnons (spin waves) or by phonons (lattice vibrations).","posed_since":"2018","precise":"In alpha-RuCl3 with field H of 60 to 120 kOe in the honeycomb plane and T of 2 to 20 K, identify the carriers responsible for $\\kappa_{xy}(T,H)$: chiral Majorana edge modes, topological magnons, or phonons with field-induced Berry curvature or Hall viscosity. An answer is a microscopic model that reproduces $\\kappa_{xy}(T,H)$ and its dependence on field angle, sample quality and $\\kappa_{xx}$ across published samples.","problem_ref":null,"references":"","settled_by":"Measurements of $\\kappa_{xy}$ on many samples with characterized stacking, combined with phonon and magnon calculations from the measured spin Hamiltonian, that isolate one dominant channel.","status_note":"Phonon (Lefrancois et al., PRX 2022) and magnon (Czajka et al., Nature Materials 2023) explanations compete with the Majorana interpretation; Shragai et al. (Nature 2026) measured a phonon Hall viscosity that accounts for a substantial fraction of $\\kappa_{xy}$.","title":"What carries the thermal Hall signal in $\\alpha$-RuCl3?","topic_ref":"8a920d20c87cdaf1da8d81ec58f05a8787f99b7ca6e234e7f5eef3a4d6c67048"},"content_withheld":"false","files":[],"attested":{"attestation":{"batch":null,"client_id":null,"id_token_sha256":null,"kind":"platform"},"record_hash":"d2c0015a32005f194573e0365b5df5ce5384fd68d97702d4cdd2a2f57594eb35","schema":"pubphys.attested/1"},"id_token":null,"id_token_withheld":"false","envelope":{"attested_hash":"547201b3aa4b885ee2cdb8a8c9775cbe03546c062fee3d884c4ee8f0bf7c1df9","platform_signature":{"key_id":"c6afc19b31429869751f06879c75cd64ea92654423d15b44be775bf1310a60da","sig":"z7BMIEfqFAf7cQbuzW3vAgH8ICAkf68OARtMq0p5Abod-lxYi-R2T7mKk7s6ON0XBMZZ-tV-b1tFVy1Ihb4DBA"},"schema":"pubphys.envelope/1"},"ots":{"attested":["AE9wZW5UaW1lc3RhbXBzAABQcm9vZgC_ieLohOiSlAEIVHIBs6pLiF7izbioyXdcvgNUbAYv7j2ITE7o8L98HfnxIFRkmmLWY1xdakyFgLFNsliBbErKgg-kzQQw5gB6_ozaCPAg3AinQBeFgLUUt4qwkovnaeZEeAyGUw6_ZnRLLnLD9XsI8SA-u87uUOBfcBu9BAISEHYIuWU2lNPVQ2h4rO4_tWBGMwjwIDp8D53c1AL3p1XNKo7FtQMn0gPaYno2FwA-_-cJXgNICPEgjQs_CRBrYPlJGv6sPyM2agVo7U-NQbfAUoo3gZD95-sI8SBX4fTwf-YIQnUiKUKc_-56gqfeMHCfL60arJiH3UPdpQjxIMJhbwSwQxTvq3dxhkhp24IU14WSuyRPd05FMeE1N5wXCPAggG0c9dn3XrxlzuzT_Y1TEWzzs-EmhaWa_H096ngdNMoI8SCuet_E6kln8_ZRXavjld8BdUsVBp253AP3BX1K8IYKnwjwIK9SXvHBwgJE5CknXtp2lOqKcbHlJ-ncP9sNjnTHUJsmCPEgytIBB3x7TFDT-XqOV-9vpqw1NKoAu0dhtsCbAMql2L0I8CCtNZgmApuKULvPC9nsMCaM05arV-F3o5FTlnJCnRvdMgjwIBGYo5Vxy-d7U5zKv5vp3Ii7hJPH_BDLCzA13c47p9q7CP_wCHbghVgOFMuNCPAQPZK2lHbTMqcCYUotzOQcmQjwIJ7ruRIs6HnufKxCpmLUgeUl0aUu0ov4_3PqcppS-bddCPEgI530vHzdwz_3o9jYQ3WablSaV64Wfn7Pmby5WLyI-A0I8QRqwKw78AhITF7Tr3a1xP8Ag9_jDS75DI4sK2h0dHBzOi8vYm9iLmJ0Yy5jYWxlbmRhci5vcGVudGltZXN0YW1wcy5vcmcI8CBXWeNiWFWltfHE0nkDXsVKIykUUwuObhsnN-2fvBt98gjwIM5Vf7j68sOFgVysYMc5S09Hho-fqxYW3oQ4oKUX7JpPCPAgaKHHQB3sdd9w1hu4NMh7vmb-p0X2r4uyVKKCj1G7S28I8SAW2Mg6Bzi9ygjrrjIYB7w90fwMcxH24SsqLmzPyAMGfwjwIMQ863zlveYIpNKWVrZaDOa4vowwoOg2CcTW8gXtxK3dCPEgrZxGGAf-t8jhz_eLMUyBN1IhNrdYDRcNHWvQcwNG9woI8CCVOUHG1YXudbaFIgUYvrCIevRWvb2ubhQAo-z0duD0rQjxIDBeKerVGkO3J2eXDwdraSioXbIWsdIPEN1s8pIwJIS2CPAgV2kB3n3JZ5HwBQjpRL1CWKnqvdCjZk3RcALk6N2wHigI8CB-wbljNlfqElD25uZkNg6taS81YDRU2vfMqGVQ420O9AjxWQEAAAABJM43UU6MLMRrPlCUqossvu1q_knons5yylyWTgxZzWUAAAAAAP7___8CLgABAAAAAAAWABQrYt3E7OllKRCEmL3FL589l78_5wAAAAAAAAAAImog8ATiyw4ACAjxILmbcIO7ixv3pCtwUMZ1VQGKus54F9lZ8-w5ECD5ZuiICAjwIG6ynCyFTLPE7Rgk-0ZGCtBDyqNQx8YvaSZNHy8D8p8jCAjwIMX8zoD2Be1YWvcx_bexVPRmBX0hK-do8b8t9SarimQVCAjxIG6XtpqIEclLlhzcK1LVjqoPGrjjmLnyno8tcETMzECECAjwIF6mlfXOFY51JhrK4eze8zQlKV75OYZYqbtyi8BWxmAsCAjwIKKUcJmVoz-u-geiRV_-ZHdF0VEPXaEPFWf_JX_0e7G2CAjxIGMeD0Z5QWNKBcAEpHht007FFIILW6aSJ8f3CMkKNsneCAjwIBFr6Je8rkB7kwhPGbq0yRgFwZsvW9JhY5sXDRtrq0QwCAjwIAHAwXaus-yUgKICJB5mVvx8VZuJgjwnpb0qWPg1pi6DCAjxIAJhb8cefkVHTAMymdsxa-_i-tUua62LcpALQnPG7R9_CAjwIDvsFqBhPfAL6TCtXZd7gBWmMpx6iiZ-Ug0Jf_LlcstgCAjwIDJRBX6Q0Vge-ra-k1_g76yJWTEp6WWF13I3JpTnsZPJCAjwILykZCbkC9VQgl5gytPKKir6T9nTvKR6y05iWSHBTQgzCAgABYiWDXPXGQED45c78Ah-sGbmQAwfZwjwEAYqxtHnZiPZnJEGPx_JvKsI8SDXkqDg17YsZIrEz5acRx7mBXCKW5mKNgRYnw_-U2cpDgjxBGrArDrwCEfK6Mono428_wCD3-MNLvkMji4taHR0cHM6Ly9hbGljZS5idGMuY2FsZW5kYXIub3BlbnRpbWVzdGFtcHMub3JnCPAg10nyJ6Jn4kshQQQCKE0Lvj3hBC6nLRBVIzaPV4eh8VwI8CCQaAqWlxEbac_XOq1MOlf9iOKHEsxXspzbjK0vLpy8BwjwII3iRbRXUcDxrhAdkZmFlI15nySCSEZ7g922tF1Xln5DCPEgYYvZ1L4v4rPu_UqLfcHPtwSb2OH2GhPgVcVhhH6DpkQI8CDZCIoR20sC-uchP40oAmcLm9EJFV7xzwplj54AeVadXQjxILvLBjPFpCoz29m9Yf2qRnV7PI9GqxE8ozVQfk9QwCqrCPEgZXcMudvEoB_MJ8tqOW2PLTKAIeQBnE-1bfzptRc2gR8I8VkBAAAAAfXq-bmxWqOz7B5wKkwjzHGv2R4s7Y0Z76LqXWYNhmz0AAAAAAD-____Av0cAAAAAAAAFgAUl-skmdZDtn7Hnub6mF4HP2uVn7oAAAAAAAAAACJqIPAE4MsOAAgI8CBDmQsbEXc46Hu8DivhCBM1LGExa4TTM-wo7HpoCVjBTQgI8CCty5vkQtPHzzs8xqArOYhVSjgaDoG1ou3cojv5_P7wQQgI8SDQWB0kdXCTwbk-TqTt0QfRMyzDNLOtU1XXFgvGSRlW8wgI8CC2PKa_QCIBZtrXodq1GdEzppISMsMRDOnzr2gFjLKOAAgI8CCwQ_QF67bcFk_uJ2s0VCZmf5PGIjTmTCpt_qnVY5p_8AgI8SAbzyx7z-oxPMju6PvtQhzrJIQyH2ZAc9oyLuYemzbmZQgI8CC5bh7J74uUk91r8LwybHQFCNBC3PWeuwtMCCNFKWj19AgI8SAf4R2TUNPjaX_PWDUImpoITK0JoW89zaMKnD1wlEEi8AgI8SC2vNmdm7eyP5Ytl1yTzT0njliMdALl1ViKG-s3bG2zswgI8CCpbIVNz1GFVXdJk2zd82hBUoNFFemUPBt7IJdWEOciPwgI8CBtYdRQcrtX1FtCm1SxF7sx-5cO04U8KzbJh8fqBkyReAgI8CBHs2LGmX6gI-lV7yp1RrV7_tGfdiBAwnEFF6B6yXHzAQgI8CATotVmbXBMAixhZ-QKy5Q4lR0FusdA_wcIC1TbB7GmxAgIAAWIlg1z1xkBA-KXOw"],"envelope":["AE9wZW5UaW1lc3RhbXBzAABQcm9vZgC_ieLohOiSlAEI2ICONtgFkD6sOVYJukmevGYWCyaUVFMZoNxKb8gRoznwINiGDeqGLuqzVeb6fMRel6FX2jC0BXONsGeA528mgmE8CPAgexSZdF8kxiC2uvRb_v0PXigiTYUTO94qZ9bnqnsL2hEI8CDA1pvnksqLyOJz1HpSKi1156tCmBe_Vedxt7zIEGH47QjwIIV0fBn9Npqx8YddHHSgFeROgtR1tnR3BFCorMZw4I9kCPAgql_2DiAFgEZ_Ql3mNrJLNMrFuMNNmjHfaw5vA680CXkI8CD8ebLHSzaENZ4P0iU8F7BPNnZ9rbruGLA4BWzuV5XsuQjwIK2FPtw-mmNP_Rr6-k_3artjFeGEI63QI-ggZSlCIu0vCPAgc39AeNtG5oegBgCOZMeNHSz7reYigBqi6556iOsWp2kI8CCoahAZNQNYu2Y_acHP7f8i7DMCAPi7QeYPsDQmFOUZcgjxIOUdEg6sSGuGAwm6byKNwNSH-CaFtay_ppzVi8InqIsBCPEgUZCxxJx-baWw4JFRfzCCtSjPn4ATBx_3FQi1O2Yo4-8I8SAQuuTPkAGyvS_wKMy9BtKvnki2puESdY2vXem8hT1uIQjwIBGYo5Vxy-d7U5zKv5vp3Ii7hJPH_BDLCzA13c47p9q7CP_wCHbghVgOFMuNCPAQPZK2lHbTMqcCYUotzOQcmQjwIJ7ruRIs6HnufKxCpmLUgeUl0aUu0ov4_3PqcppS-bddCPEgI530vHzdwz_3o9jYQ3W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