{"record":{"author":{"account_ref":null,"orcid":null},"builds_on":[],"content_schema":"pubphys.content.revision/1","content_sha256":"bdd14d512d6bb4314e87ac2d87abd1218b9e9078d0703d992351049bdd291a46","created":"2026-10-03T07:18:10Z","files":[],"origin":{"assisted_by":[],"kind":"seed"},"parents":["5475cf5dc5b1a72283d26dc95dc6e00d7ea4e00096a7c6492e409a1816eeb011"],"salt":"c0ba00b8a5ef48f8e6de256a1fc2f1c9bf7bc84b31fefed275d33aa9a022977d","schema":"pubphys.record/2","site":"pubphys.com","target":null,"type":"revision"},"content":{"answer_type":"yes-no","assisted_by":[],"external_id":"qi.useful-advantage.verification-without-cryptography","kind":"well-posed","literature_status":"open","n":"1","parents":[],"plain":"A purely classical user can check a quantum computer's answer if one assumes certain codes are hard to break, or if two separated quantum computers are questioned. Whether one quantum computer can be checked by a classical user with no such assumption is open.","posed_since":"","precise":"Does every language in BQP have an interactive proof with a BPP verifier exchanging only classical messages with a single BQP prover, sound against computationally unbounded provers? Known protocols need a verifier holding a few qubits, two non-communicating entangled provers (Reichardt, Unger and Vazirani 2013), or soundness only against provers who cannot solve learning with errors (Mahadev, arXiv:1804.01082, 2018).","problem_ref":null,"references":"","settled_by":"An information-theoretically sound single-prover classical-verifier protocol for BQP, or a complexity-theoretic consequence (such as a class collapse) showing it cannot exist.","status_note":"","title":"Classical verification of quantum computation without cryptographic assumptions","topic_ref":"171840612800a5fc54a3a1cbae538bc99ab2fa80a9901200da4096ec8477ba9b"},"attested":{"attestation":{"batch":null,"client_id":null,"id_token_sha256":null,"kind":"platform"},"record_hash":"d72bc17d25756facd28ff8c32adb86821dfb4aab5ec780493b5d12ea7e8b2011","schema":"pubphys.attested/1"},"envelope":{"attested_hash":"cb1e013befb3de138b96bf153673a95539acc6feefc653f3990fbff8cc2f787b","platform_signature":{"key_id":"c6afc19b31429869751f06879c75cd64ea92654423d15b44be775bf1310a60da","sig":"_6HbhsY__7L-pmebryU03XVJlhHNYHqFO9DmoZXZj8K7L3HaAxy_byi0WBljFDdaM69ti7LBBN4K4Huv1q6QBw"},"schema":"pubphys.envelope/1"},"record_hash":"d72bc17d25756facd28ff8c32adb86821dfb4aab5ec780493b5d12ea7e8b2011","leaf_index":2064}