{"record":{"author":{"account_ref":null,"orcid":null},"builds_on":[],"content_schema":"pubphys.content.topic/1","content_sha256":"65ce270cb1b6e5608fb7cf9b2fd1adf37a395286649ad3d73b1162568102c439","created":"2026-10-03T07:17:50Z","files":[],"origin":{"assisted_by":[],"kind":"seed"},"parents":[],"salt":"48ff136302e8b04b64668253dba4d5d5a9e0c4316d1e1b9d45ff1fa3038a50e4","schema":"pubphys.record/2","site":"pubphys.com","target":null,"type":"topic"},"content":{"external_id":"beams.collective-instabilities","field":"beams","n":"1","review_cite":"E. Metral, T. Argyropoulos, H. Bartosik et al., Beam instabilities in hadron synchrotrons, IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, 2016","review_link":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TNS.2015.2513752","review_verified":"true","summary":"A beam interacts with the fields it leaves in the vacuum pipe, with clouds of stray electrons and with the opposing beam, and these can make the whole beam oscillate and blow up. Several effects seen in present colliders are not yet predicted by theory.","title":"Collective instabilities and electron clouds in circular colliders","topic_ref":null,"why":"Collective effects set the maximum current and luminosity of every high-intensity ring."},"attested":{"attestation":{"batch":null,"client_id":null,"id_token_sha256":null,"kind":"platform"},"record_hash":"dd60e631adb08b9b18495c7a3ab1cfd2ffd7375b33108ba5cf5ec6cce7af2868","schema":"pubphys.attested/1"},"envelope":{"attested_hash":"eb131975c92afc9dff71fc954a035a1c629ecda0c2273fba0c8549286216e040","platform_signature":{"key_id":"c6afc19b31429869751f06879c75cd64ea92654423d15b44be775bf1310a60da","sig":"b5QrXAAJqX0lpcTvF9Aj9MEnSikivJAntIERDelo3x1sAPXS_Vpj0AAwGHXV8QEulCpuP0P7AyQSEhMb0usiAQ"},"schema":"pubphys.envelope/1"},"record_hash":"dd60e631adb08b9b18495c7a3ab1cfd2ffd7375b33108ba5cf5ec6cce7af2868","leaf_index":64}