{"record":{"author":{"account_ref":null,"orcid":null},"builds_on":[],"content_schema":"pubphys.content.topic/1","content_sha256":"740bc6d0b34ad827992a393700db21b5499d7114fd5d605cbe760536ad8ad0fc","created":"2026-10-03T07:17:50Z","files":[],"origin":{"assisted_by":[],"kind":"seed"},"parents":[],"salt":"bfa14840922253dbaf22bb97eda3ffd2765385465631611dcd9c0e6b39c58cf6","schema":"pubphys.record/2","site":"pubphys.com","target":null,"type":"topic"},"content":{"external_id":"beams.beam-cooling","field":"beams","n":"1","review_cite":"D. Mohl, A. M. Sessler, Beam cooling: principles and achievements, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A, 2004","review_link":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2004.06.102","review_verified":"true","summary":"Cooling shrinks the spread of particle motions in a beam, making it denser and brighter. Existing methods are too slow for high-energy hadrons, and muons decay in about two millionths of a second, so faster methods are needed.","title":"Cooling hadron, ion and muon beams","topic_ref":null,"why":"The cooling rate limits luminosity of hadron and electron-ion colliders and decides whether a muon collider can be built."},"attested":{"attestation":{"batch":null,"client_id":null,"id_token_sha256":null,"kind":"platform"},"record_hash":"e4bb53556b8c7d13b4b819a20298552b24074d3ba33b0f60982a9bfdd1aa5461","schema":"pubphys.attested/1"},"envelope":{"attested_hash":"c6449b8dbf7d3f4fee5136ccdf919e6ff477f7a2e201b8b8db43d08332664a90","platform_signature":{"key_id":"c6afc19b31429869751f06879c75cd64ea92654423d15b44be775bf1310a60da","sig":"b10Hn7lF6kfTzGaJZpXxeTE4kWuDlQvINhtqy63eFafvbmA-462HalyU8i_DCV2PCvhhdClJxy_0NLsxmH0zBQ"},"schema":"pubphys.envelope/1"},"record_hash":"e4bb53556b8c7d13b4b819a20298552b24074d3ba33b0f60982a9bfdd1aa5461","leaf_index":63}