{"schema":"pubphys.bundle/1","record":{"author":{"account_ref":null,"orcid":null},"builds_on":[],"content_schema":"pubphys.content.revision/1","content_sha256":"17181af868d2c05454bf7a7dc5f145e409e36dc6817a444bba914b2575fd6f8d","created":"2026-10-03T07:17:59Z","files":[],"origin":{"assisted_by":[],"kind":"seed"},"parents":["5475cf5dc5b1a72283d26dc95dc6e00d7ea4e00096a7c6492e409a1816eeb011"],"salt":"a449e343cc0c36d19800def9f7b5fc0afcafa3a1c17363924b352da17491dbb8","schema":"pubphys.record/2","site":"pubphys.com","target":null,"type":"revision"},"content":{"answer_type":"mechanism","assisted_by":[],"external_id":"cm.cuprate-pseudogap.charge-order-role","kind":"phenomenon","literature_status":"contested","n":"1","parents":[],"plain":"Below roughly 150 K, underdoped cuprates develop a weak, short-range periodic ripple in electron density (charge order) with a period of 3 to 4 lattice spacings; whether it competes with superconductivity, grows out of a modulated superconductor, or causes the pseudogap is unsettled.","posed_since":"2012","precise":"In hole-doped YBa2Cu3O6+x, Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+d and HgBa2CuO4+d at $0.08 < p < 0.16$, resonant x-ray scattering finds incommensurate bond-centered charge order with wavevector $q_{\\mathrm{CDW}} \\sim 0.25\\text{ to }0.33\\,\\text{reciprocal lattice units}$, decreasing with $p$, short correlation length at zero field, and long-range three-dimensional order above $\\sim 150\\,\\mathrm{kG}$. Determine (a) whether $q_{\\mathrm{CDW}}(p)$ is set by Fermi-surface features (antinodal states) or by strong-coupling local physics, and (b) whether the charge order is an independent competitor of uniform d-wave superconductivity or a subsidiary of a parent pair density wave. An answer is a theory that predicts $q_{\\mathrm{CDW}}(p)$, the d-symmetry form factor, the onset temperature and the field-induced 3D order in at least two families.","problem_ref":null,"references":"","settled_by":"A model that reproduces $q_{\\mathrm{CDW}}(p)$ and the form factor across families, tested by experiments that tune the balance between charge order and superconductivity (field, uniaxial strain) and check the predicted response of pair-density-wave correlations.","status_note":"Charge order in YBa2Cu3O6+x was found by resonant x-ray scattering in 2012 and becomes three-dimensional and long range in fields above $\\sim 150\\ \\mathrm{kG}$ (2015); its origin and role remain disputed.","title":"Origin of cuprate charge order and its relation to 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