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Show that the number of extra electrons is at most a fixed constant times the number of nuclei, whatever the nuclear charges and positions.","posed_since":"1984","precise":"For $K$ static nuclei with charges $Z_1, ..., Z_K$ at positions $R_1, ..., R_K$, $Z_{\\mathrm{tot}} = \\sum_k Z_k$, and $N$ electrons with Coulomb interactions, let $N_c$ be the largest N for which the electronic ground state is bound. Prove $N_c \\le Z_{\\mathrm{tot}} + C K$ with C independent of the $Z_{k}$, $R_{k}$ and K, or give a counterexample family.","problem_ref":"5f7d53e831f96b4653ba8a968eaca31502bd6c28757c0a0669c7eeb80d2d13e2","references":"","settled_by":"A proof of the bound uniform in nuclear charges and positions, or an explicit configuration violating it.","status_note":"Lieb's 1984 bound $N_c < 2 Z_{\\mathrm{tot}} + K$ holds for all nuclear positions.","title":"Excess charge of molecules bounded by a constant per 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