{"schema":"pubphys.bundle/1","record":{"author":{"account_ref":null,"orcid":null},"builds_on":[],"content_schema":"pubphys.content.revision/1","content_sha256":"644cb84cf6dbafe7febb03bd9e54701d39aa19c6b8a8d385cd126d0db49087e7","created":"2026-10-03T07:18:05Z","files":[],"origin":{"assisted_by":[],"kind":"seed"},"parents":["5475cf5dc5b1a72283d26dc95dc6e00d7ea4e00096a7c6492e409a1816eeb011","e40db54d49b7bbcae272f1539b8bcc9bf6317cdea1fb76b8ba7ab069c56691ac"],"salt":"a9e688c4405ca7763490c1788fa2119620fb596a9b6f6b9bbdee3104c9afe04d","schema":"pubphys.record/2","site":"pubphys.com","target":null,"type":"revision"},"content":{"answer_type":"identification","assisted_by":[],"external_id":"hep.sterile-neutrino-anomalies.miniboone-excess","kind":"well-posed","literature_status":"open","n":"1","parents":[{"note":"","parent_revision":"e40db54d49b7bbcae272f1539b8bcc9bf6317cdea1fb76b8ba7ab069c56691ac","relation":"special_case"}],"plain":"MiniBooNE saw extra events at low energy that look like electrons, but its detector could not tell electrons from photons.","posed_since":"","precise":"Identify whether the MiniBooNE low-energy excess (reconstructed $E_{\\nu}$ between 200 and 475 MeV) is from electrons, single photons, e+e- pairs or mismodeled backgrounds such as $\\Delta \\to \\mathrm{N}\\gamma$ and $\\pi0$ misidentification. An answer assigns the excess to a specific final state with $\\ge 3\\sigma$ confidence.","problem_ref":null,"references":"","settled_by":"Liquid-argon TPC measurements in the same beam that separate electrons from photons by dE/dx (MicroBooNE, SBND, ICARUS).","status_note":"MicroBooNE results (2021 to 2025) disfavor $\\nu_e$ and $\\Delta$ radiative explanations of the full excess, leaving its source unidentified.","title":"What is the source of the MiniBooNE low-energy excess?","topic_ref":"7c3a93300e8710b41f3d7fcb0f1c9a791d835219d51f56a2ebbdc44a8de8988d"},"content_withheld":"false","files":[],"attested":{"attestation":{"batch":null,"client_id":null,"id_token_sha256":null,"kind":"platform"},"record_hash":"ed81aa13e5e1e66f599d674a277537be8b1286448cbc759682b6af0faa653bef","schema":"pubphys.attested/1"},"id_token":null,"id_token_withheld":"false","envelope":{"attested_hash":"5cac94e3caa158ab786450ef7ed32cdc50c7ca3ea70be1d908435d07c9bc0880","platform_signature":{"key_id":"c6afc19b31429869751f06879c75cd64ea92654423d15b44be775bf1310a60da","sig":"6iMuq7Rj89mK2yYTAgQEA0OHGnw4dwZojVzB1bADd2XPsARIMz7fZS7rz3KM24axfMjrvckYF-SjmYcWlx2rCw"},"schema":"pubphys.envelope/1"},"ots":{"attested":["AE9wZW5UaW1lc3RhbXBzAABQcm9vZgC_ieLohOiSlAEIXKyU48qhWKt4ZFDvftMs3FDHyj6nC-HZCENdB8m8CIDxIFyqNQBGXPbtwtq3QZgD0xprzoGilCik1pxeQrXwJnTQCPAg93DbdRbe24Qbx7xuQtkWgafKdQGKVvh1okT0NBgwrNcI8SAuCAj2EqMVLQeD3Mzm2G7qd-VcOItI0h6TzWCGDuuwlwjwIEibVS4VmvbiVamvcGHAvPE8MVDul7Pumi_YfvHIKAbPCPEg7NeSZbGcK6JP6QtXcazuYmHMWGrM9PD4y7URaU4gNB8I8SAMgElW4E00Zuu9Evo9VbHU4Fs9tq8oinIGFbPzEJR0VQjxIPKV6XkIVxB6zTNwShcXvtclGhIqSpEaTf5Jioh6nDXPCPEgeXNVzcuD027sru55Y1PcT2z1CuWU2W4A3vqh452xOX0I8SCuet_E6kln8_ZRXavjld8BdUsVBp253AP3BX1K8IYKnwjwIK9SXvHBwgJE5CknXtp2lOqKcbHlJ-ncP9sNjnTHUJsmCPEgytIBB3x7TFDT-XqOV-9vpqw1NKoAu0dhtsCbAMql2L0I8CCtNZgmApuKULvPC9nsMCaM05arV-F3o5FTlnJCnRvdMgjwIBGYo5Vxy-d7U5zKv5vp3Ii7hJPH_BDLCzA13c47p9q7CP_wCHbghVgOFMuNCPAQPZK2lHbTMqcCYUotzOQcmQjwIJ7ruRIs6HnufKxCpmLUgeUl0aUu0ov4_3PqcppS-bddCPEgI530vHzdwz_3o9jYQ3WablSaV64Wfn7Pmby5WLyI-A0I8QRqwKw78AhITF7Tr3a1xACD3-MNLvkMjiwraHR0cHM6Ly9ib2IuYnRjLmNhbGVuZGFyLm9wZW50aW1lc3RhbXBzLm9yZ_AIfrBm5kAMH2cI8BAGKsbR52Yj2ZyRBj8fybyrCPEg15Kg4Ne2LGSKxM-WnEce5gVwiluZijYEWJ8P_lNnKQ4I8QRqwKw68AhHyujKJ6ONvACD3-MNLvkMji4taHR0cHM6Ly9hbGljZS5idGMuY2FsZW5kYXIub3BlbnRpbWVzdGFtcHMub3Jn"],"envelope":["AE9wZW5UaW1lc3RhbXBzAABQcm9vZgC_ieLohOiSlAEIAZjvo_0HFZeh-XuWM9bZYfeQc3BYxMmhccD01_n5PCDxIAGIF3HclM7Vfq_1jtpgTEmr0Rds6ZN8AbG6sdfnv29QCPEgGJEhW1ZHJwfEX6zBLFpyiDkmF_MmcDud5c97avOcoUcI8SD543t7eMwlrsOQ_tbrU5Jq863Us1CQhhGjBg1zmB_b2wjwIDSL_Lc5ANNjcvHChgAvyM_3SOseTY0TFfnT3J08wbMNCPEgUYjAw5GNxRv1B7SOYlFXLZKf3OnRLor3H7Zb_BG8qkwI8CCXz3vDRs_no4q07SHvFOuzqS43ZVgWFTJWS-qrLQESHAjwIMd-zNxDHqoBo_DocWWT_JcUZFDEgMddHiEYxFSvDsFBCPAgNl1YNYfZwu98LlVobqGe3qyzw872nZef7-vqHE3nXn0I8CDTURm5psgkpndkZlRIia_PxrzHEbIi4fWR0w8YEe9YLAjwIMIc4xq7iJ2YP27EtWYUvEm4-TQD7cayDq2XvZh74n3BCPAg3v2QXfNkDO6Xzu9061umH0rhjRfHBKza3uG2nPQbpd8I8CCtNZgmApuKULvPC9nsMCaM05arV-F3o5FTlnJCnRvdMgjwIBGYo5Vxy-d7U5zKv5vp3Ii7hJPH_BDLCzA13c47p9q7CP_wCHbghVgOFMuNCPAQPZK2lHbTMqcCYUotzOQcmQjwIJ7ruRIs6HnufKxCpmLUgeUl0aUu0ov4_3PqcppS-bddCPEgI530vHzdwz_3o9jYQ3WablSaV64Wfn7Pmby5WLyI-A0I8QRqwKw78AhITF7Tr3a1xACD3-MNLvkMjiwraHR0cHM6Ly9ib2IuYnRjLmNhbGVuZGFyLm9wZW50aW1lc3RhbXBzLm9yZ_AIfrBm5kAMH2cI8BAGKsbR52Yj2ZyRBj8fybyrCPEg15Kg4Ne2LGSKxM-WnEce5gVwiluZijYEWJ8P_lNnKQ4I8QRqwKw68AhHyujKJ6ONvACD3-MNLvkMji4taHR0cHM6Ly9hbGljZS5idGMuY2FsZW5kYXIub3BlbnRpbWVzdGFtcHMub3Jn"]},"log":{"leaf_index":"1579","tree_size":"2123","proof":["9b300ac1b296c74343fd5fe88988beb77fe5dceb29a1727ea8cddc43761660b0","850df632423a0fd8a41dc3c8c01ef14eb760e317e1a1e7c34f66de0724b5b231","92b04bd77b94223227aa4736f5d6af3af4b6726da3c6749b9ef065f0f992e7a9","9fe8be6fcd762c1688b74495981d9238318f3c429bdce50c5be46d90f8c3352f","f4145dc328852e21c16cead3ffc47e2ab11fc5868db7890e0fd51f6dcd4d47c3","92e7086bcd854cddc0bd0e847df630ecbb9099928955f6915e5cf78cd9458270","90c76f05178b1e645281056245084c61b577ed1075df4912315bbc4e2c22997f","b78ddae6ec4f50645dafadd88148aea3eac280e472349d3dbe77576e43fa2780","a8cef064ef9c15524538954d820d60e39424932bbb86df562c6b87106df2eda9","35f1d0a5e69da98f9992a5251e4e3df1933c2f26543c7a40b2681ecfa194443a","2b97406e15e4d451a5450b3b53b677749fe0fa759579146dbfa1544c1e61a0ed","addcf2e0ff7974e4aa99af5e30d409f90d9f4311a4d85f5baf3e125eeb45b4c1"],"checkpoint":"pubphys.com/log/v1\n2123\npXVcluz7BF4vgChQs6lShuU0386gCH0RxrC1sxyE3rI=\n\n— pubphys.com/log/v1 JFPwIOLzsUD22XoTVyTfk/FMVj/u3f3DxZk4V/Ws10KVSS+8WQSwhunQ//EAhyS9Td5CyM0E++85GMezmKd8240j9Q8=\n","promise":null},"orcid_key_evidence":[],"attesting":null}