{"schema":"pubphys.bundle/1","record":{"author":{"account_ref":null,"orcid":null},"builds_on":[],"content_schema":"pubphys.content.revision/1","content_sha256":"d9b1373f9390560c8556d10c5402ced17028da6b89e6bced6a446a2cddab0296","created":"2026-10-03T07:18:01Z","files":[],"origin":{"assisted_by":[],"kind":"seed"},"parents":["5475cf5dc5b1a72283d26dc95dc6e00d7ea4e00096a7c6492e409a1816eeb011"],"salt":"e6c5543f3bc73da7bf52c98d5ce673a924e0dabf31723e51edbb9d70a9c2380b","schema":"pubphys.record/2","site":"pubphys.com","target":null,"type":"revision"},"content":{"answer_type":"mechanism","assisted_by":[],"external_id":"cm.one-over-f-noise.ubiquity-mechanism","kind":"phenomenon","literature_status":"open","n":"1","parents":[],"plain":"Resistance fluctuations in metals and semiconductors follow a 1/f spectrum over many decades of frequency. A broad spread of slow defect relaxation times can produce this, but why that spread is so generic is open.","posed_since":"1925","precise":"The empirical Hooge relation $S_R(f)/R^2 = \\alpha_H/(N_c f)$, with $N_c$ the number of carriers, holds over many decades of $f$ in metals and semiconductors. The McWhorter and Dutta-Horn picture attributes the noise to thermally activated fluctuators with a broad distribution of activation energies. Determine whether this picture accounts for all classes of $1/f$ resistance noise (mobility versus number fluctuations, metals versus semiconductors), and if not, which classes need a different mechanism.","problem_ref":null,"references":"","settled_by":"Systematic tests of the Dutta-Horn relation and of $\\alpha_{H}$ against controlled defect density in several material classes, with the fluctuators identified microscopically.","status_note":"","title":"Why is 1/f resistance noise nearly universal in solids?","topic_ref":"f3ce289a1a848a781be5c4f32a17a62d6df7ec92968a3fb3c2f9617efb52f368"},"content_withheld":"false","files":[],"attested":{"attestation":{"batch":null,"client_id":null,"id_token_sha256":null,"kind":"platform"},"record_hash":"f4e33d26cb561018733630b2c9744cf4941b7231ba777659e8efd67210aa2b3c","schema":"pubphys.attested/1"},"id_token":null,"id_token_withheld":"false","envelope":{"attested_hash":"a663a37606cc6ae7a4afaa54f5966ca245d4ef7f96d112fec07bc5e1c6f9ec65","platform_signature":{"key_id":"c6afc19b31429869751f06879c75cd64ea92654423d15b44be775bf1310a60da","sig":"9H5uPqwe3sARGnz1oVq_Q6Bu-Zv2QmAl-gd230HpSaPfOtJKp-52SPJKKAzlRodZ6HkNY51uQnEq9n7m_RtLBA"},"schema":"pubphys.envelope/1"},"ots":{"attested":["AE9wZW5UaW1lc3RhbXBzAABQcm9vZgC_ieLohOiSlAEIpmOjdgbMauekr6pU9ZZsokXU73-W0RL-wHvF4cb57GXxIKZVNrUuHKiNAG6LrRxQ0z-JrUDyp_A9yUlB5zH4KnelCPEgkUP6YYVLSuAGoRlCpm1KfTfvAatR1DGoP_nFuLG-ajII8SDGKjKOMlVrQ2BFGpuxn59cSNPaSHTwnySjUhUvDxqKCAjwIIcbI-mpL4rV_4ooU1g039ufmSBssWyb3WFWKvF2K1yfCPEg4T5BRqIC-5iB6Z8EUGSIFedoP3GdVlBEHzo6TcDlEGcI8SBAb3KB6Gtdfdwms_3hRA8LRJmKBxkW8oNiIhUg-XUAZAjwIJPsrh2yAs-Q-tN7WiRC5DpdLPxhgPCZUvw9VyDb326QCPEgrA74zq9OS_EO_vifvlqDPPUyYaAxJJae8fQw9_OOt1II8CB0Pk63gwyd_u5K2K1drJW3UxU3mXTBkDKQdutj6_nnEgjxIFf8EhaVa-ubjpYx3wEAcKGxkzfUQq6B-8jimpRd8IqnCPAgy6DmLQtIuWm-zrDRmaSy95vcFWsjvWyppQO7wIWrfC4I8SAQuuTPkAGyvS_wKMy9BtKvnki2puESdY2vXem8hT1uIQjwIBGYo5Vxy-d7U5zKv5vp3Ii7hJPH_BDLCzA13c47p9q7CP_wCHbghVgOFMuNCPAQPZK2lHbTMqcCYUotzOQcmQjwIJ7ruRIs6HnufKxCpmLUgeUl0aUu0ov4_3PqcppS-bddCPEgI530vHzdwz_3o9jYQ3WablSaV64Wfn7Pmby5WLyI-A0I8QRqwKw78AhITF7Tr3a1xACD3-MNLvkMjiwraHR0cHM6Ly9ib2IuYnRjLmNhbGVuZGFyLm9wZW50aW1lc3RhbXBzLm9yZ_AIfrBm5kAMH2cI8BAGKsbR52Yj2ZyRBj8fybyrCPEg15Kg4Ne2LGSKxM-WnEce5gVwiluZijYEWJ8P_lNnKQ4I8QRqwKw68AhHyujKJ6ONvACD3-MNLvkMji4taHR0cHM6Ly9hbGljZS5idGMuY2FsZW5kYXIub3BlbnRpbWVzdGFtcHMub3Jn"],"envelope":["AE9wZW5UaW1lc3RhbXBzAABQcm9vZgC_ieLohOiSlAEIfAxXjLYyGnsMZoEaVCt1RdVyp8GO-Cl0I8sezyQ-kHDwIHwdBCtYhIYgRyEvzAzXc_i0Hm7P0o1q7GuIGmvd-e4SCPAg55SGPeLqxpMPm5jaZlWzil-Vsn1cyyst02F_hovKGF4I8SCtIuZ-1rvGihY7Yi5kBINdQIEs1oFRLlFDj6Vaa6WJwgjxII9rwJ6DPfHEQPTxKXt8-w1PRM4f9F5Tluv_kBEPSjRfCPEgKqk9-JvCcZ8iXIMhmgE7XoTIGA_8-iOFuzXvjXR3w_4I8SAkxPBeQk9swSOhpc1CGrPkUP9LFJ9RDR7geR_01LMegQjxIEobgLOgwqyqnIspNXkF7yBH5kfziDUlNs6RX--57f1DCPEgh4LZF42g0kH3DY6zt2g7LubZ1jM3BFR90pRDqduaWSUI8SB8izl_Yn9kR2zBmnu-HVjv452ytRQyuNX-opb_OJzg_gjxINBAKCf3cKChW811B6TkfdlxdONUiLQA88uJMnPer4KuCPEgytIBB3x7TFDT-XqOV-9vpqw1NKoAu0dhtsCbAMql2L0I8CCtNZgmApuKULvPC9nsMCaM05arV-F3o5FTlnJCnRvdMgjwIBGYo5Vxy-d7U5zKv5vp3Ii7hJPH_BDLCzA13c47p9q7CP_wCHbghVgOFMuNCPAQPZK2lHbTMqcCYUotzOQcmQjwIJ7ruRIs6HnufKxCpmLUgeUl0aUu0ov4_3PqcppS-bddCPEgI530vHzdwz_3o9jYQ3WablSaV64Wfn7Pmby5WLyI-A0I8QRqwKw78AhITF7Tr3a1xACD3-MNLvkMjiwraHR0cHM6Ly9ib2IuYnRjLmNhbGVuZGFyLm9wZW50aW1lc3RhbXBzLm9yZ_AIfrBm5kAMH2cI8BAGKsbR52Yj2ZyRBj8fybyrCPEg15Kg4Ne2LGSKxM-WnEce5gVwiluZijYEWJ8P_lNnKQ4I8QRqwKw68AhHyujKJ6ONvACD3-MNLvkMji4taHR0cHM6Ly9hbGljZS5idGMuY2FsZW5kYXIub3BlbnRpbWVzdGFtcHMub3Jn"]},"log":{"leaf_index":"1123","tree_size":"2123","proof":["38385cf0f8fa3b3ef25e1add532d3ca27425c18cca9672c88418745b19212cfe","4af06473182e55b7632604dc0e892c3147bb558864bf26f6999eed9a5f2fb70f","8fdf7c5b33a7a21d7fb83d6890c4c656da22cd500056d46829378ad15104e8a6","8f41d2251467b27728e9e795b171e662f9a62cf0a8970489c2c2faab9698bd32","fb93e761478172e296c69c3017491b61fa46b7c41dcfa810f0d787601c89c7ea","bbd4208c4e6357ea7d4c32a7b91ab8bfaa5e7e168563c0bc524e98482adc6a17","8c744307c4006e8c84b2c04a916e34528e5285bf817b8e244af98f2accbb7f78","c751b8694ce55cd52975a9d31b1bc5d9c7a7aab6f8b6a2f7543a9eea8fd786f4","52a4f6babf22d33518342a16424be6ca663e70c9dc9fa28b80fd392ab314d00b","46022fbfd43c5aec3acbe84cb58891547da533c0320c5435c86490a040251104","2b97406e15e4d451a5450b3b53b677749fe0fa759579146dbfa1544c1e61a0ed","addcf2e0ff7974e4aa99af5e30d409f90d9f4311a4d85f5baf3e125eeb45b4c1"],"checkpoint":"pubphys.com/log/v1\n2123\npXVcluz7BF4vgChQs6lShuU0386gCH0RxrC1sxyE3rI=\n\n— pubphys.com/log/v1 JFPwIOLzsUD22XoTVyTfk/FMVj/u3f3DxZk4V/Ws10KVSS+8WQSwhunQ//EAhyS9Td5CyM0E++85GMezmKd8240j9Q8=\n","promise":null},"orcid_key_evidence":[],"attesting":null}