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Different calibrations disagree, and the chosen values change derived stellar ages.","posed_since":"","precise":"Mixing-length theory uses $\\alpha_{\\mathrm{MLT}}\\sim 1.8$ calibrated on the Sun, and convective boundary mixing uses an overshoot extent of about 0.1 to 0.3 pressure scale heights. Determine whether $\\alpha_{\\mathrm{MLT}}$ is universal across mass, metallicity and evolutionary stage, and determine the overshoot extent and profile as a function of stellar mass, from 3D simulations validated against eclipsing binaries and asteroseismology.","problem_ref":null,"references":"","settled_by":"3D convection simulations at realistic stellar parameters yielding a boundary-mixing law that fits eclipsing-binary and asteroseismic constraints across 1 to 10 $M_{\\mathrm{sun}}$.","status_note":"Eclipsing-binary calibrations suggesting overshoot grows with mass have been disputed as a degeneracy with other model parameters.","title":"Physical calibration of convective overshoot and the mixing 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