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Which production reaction is best is not settled.","posed_since":"2010","precise":"Determine the optimal production route for Ac-225 and related $\\alpha$ emitters by measuring excitation functions and co-produced impurities for proton spallation of thorium-232, photonuclear production from Ra-226, and deuteron or $\\alpha$ routes, in the energy ranges used by available accelerators. Key figure of merit: yield per beam hour at required radionuclidic purity, in particular Ac-227 contamination. An answer is cross sections and yields fixing the preferred route.","problem_ref":null,"references":"","settled_by":"Measured excitation functions and target tests reporting yield and impurity levels for each route.","status_note":"Accelerator routes expanded supply after about 2018 while impurity control and scale-up remained limiting.","title":"Accelerator production routes for therapeutic alpha 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