{"record":{"author":{"account_ref":null,"orcid":null},"builds_on":[],"content_schema":"pubphys.content.revision/1","content_sha256":"ee9e45ffdf5d6a7b0a6330dfb91565810c5da05d61a00ecf97ff3fa7688f3539","created":"2026-10-03T07:17:54Z","files":[],"origin":{"assisted_by":[],"kind":"seed"},"parents":["5475cf5dc5b1a72283d26dc95dc6e00d7ea4e00096a7c6492e409a1816eeb011"],"salt":"07424a70fdc08e1b22abae04a54390d5b0e47d8223e998138a27078c486b7f77","schema":"pubphys.record/2","site":"pubphys.com","target":null,"type":"revision"},"content":{"answer_type":"value","assisted_by":[],"external_id":"astro.circumgalactic-medium.flow-rates","kind":"well-posed","literature_status":"open","n":"1","parents":[],"plain":"Gas flows into galaxies to make stars and is pushed out by supernovae and black holes. How much gas, heavy elements and energy cross the halo per year has not been measured directly.","posed_since":"","precise":"For $L*$ galaxies at $z\\sim 0\\ \\text{to}\\ 2$, determine the inflow and outflow rates of mass, metals and energy versus radius in the circumgalactic medium, including the mass-loading factor $\\eta=\\mathrm{Mdot}_{\\mathrm{out}}/\\mathrm{SFR}$ and the fraction of metals ever produced that remain in the halo.","problem_ref":null,"references":"","settled_by":"Absorption-line kinematics along many sightlines per galaxy combined with emission mapping of halo gas, inverted with flow models that reproduce simulations.","status_note":"","title":"Mass, metal and energy flow rates through galactic halo gas","topic_ref":"0def120d1b6025e505d1b17c3590b27372b9f92290b62b2df74ed8a1826b48cb"},"attested":{"attestation":{"batch":null,"client_id":null,"id_token_sha256":null,"kind":"platform"},"record_hash":"fdb40840f0f298c7897c25a0bffb4a9a656f71c4465a882984026cb295ee60be","schema":"pubphys.attested/1"},"envelope":{"attested_hash":"544f5e9736af4a3f9bee9c6064614b11f3e1db94c372c97f0f272204494ac597","platform_signature":{"key_id":"c6afc19b31429869751f06879c75cd64ea92654423d15b44be775bf1310a60da","sig":"h-iDq1tLpwaDz8Hx2zUh4MXdgiD0DkqM9GRmhvLRuZnpopzQstRjGUPuBQjV9mvV4_PsiLkvw50vFIgehsCXAw"},"schema":"pubphys.envelope/1"},"record_hash":"fdb40840f0f298c7897c25a0bffb4a9a656f71c4465a882984026cb295ee60be","leaf_index":491}