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At higher density the change may become abrupt, and the critical point is where smooth turns abrupt, if it exists.","posed_since":"1989","precise":"Determine whether the chiral crossover line $T_{\\mathrm{pc}}(\\mu_B)$ ($T_{\\mathrm{pc}}(0)$ about $156\\,\\mathrm{MeV}$, $\\mu_B$ the baryon chemical potential) ends at a critical point $(T_c, \\mu_B,c)$ beyond which the transition is first order, and locate it. Lattice QCD disfavors a critical point at $\\mu_B/T$ below about 3. Answer: yes or no, and $(T_c, \\mu_B,c)$ with uncertainty.","problem_ref":"59c70c58ebc1de8bff7fc3398a95a4795b7d421f35be6bf7283b56f00e4e3db6","references":"","settled_by":"A first-principles calculation reaching $\\mu_B/T > 3$, or an experimentally established nonmonotonic fluctuation signal reproduced by dynamical critical-point modeling.","status_note":"Functional-method and lattice-based extrapolations from 2021 to 2025 placed a possible critical point near $\\mu_B$ of roughly 400 to 650 MeV, beyond direct lattice reach as of 2026.","title":"Existence and location of the QCD critical 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