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Their strength would reveal the energy at which inflation happened.","posed_since":"","precise":"Measure the tensor-to-scalar ratio r at pivot $k = 0.05\\ \\mathrm{Mpc}^{-1}$, which fixes the inflation energy scale $V^{(1/4)} \\sim 1.04 \\times 10^{16}\\ \\mathrm{GeV}\\ (r / 0.01)^{(1/4)}$. Current bound $r < 0.036$ (95 percent, BICEP/Keck 2021), $r < 0.038$ with ACT DR6. An answer is a detection or a bound $r < 0.001$ after delensing and foreground separation.","problem_ref":"496179278bb0be0906f8211788f8b13f4d842ba8658904c8f6747a2872d205a5","references":"","settled_by":"BICEP Array, South Pole Observatory, Simons Observatory and LiteBIRD B-mode measurements reaching $\\sigma(r) \\sim 0.001$.","status_note":"South Pole Observatory projections (2026) aim at $\\sigma(r) \\sim 0.001$ by about 2034 (moderate confidence).","title":"What is the amplitude of primordial gravitational 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