{"schema":"pubphys.bundle/1","record":{"author":{"account_ref":null,"orcid":null},"builds_on":[],"content_schema":"pubphys.content.revision/1","content_sha256":"da1ba18e2f17fb96fb4f387d246ba3cf3ab65e07a776f17a54144185d9dd23e0","created":"2026-10-03T07:17:54Z","files":[],"origin":{"assisted_by":[],"kind":"seed"},"parents":["5475cf5dc5b1a72283d26dc95dc6e00d7ea4e00096a7c6492e409a1816eeb011"],"salt":"7774145d3ad0d8bc9c8cdfa1f46f84784fd386daa5b3552ef9d0fef11d0bb5e5","schema":"pubphys.record/2","site":"pubphys.com","target":null,"type":"revision"},"content":{"answer_type":"identification","assisted_by":[],"external_id":"astro.compact-binary-origins.mass-peak-35","kind":"phenomenon","literature_status":"contested","n":"1","parents":[],"plain":"Merging black holes pile up near 35 solar masses, more than a smooth distribution would give; this could mark the pile-up just below the pair-instability gap or a feature of one formation route.","posed_since":"2021","precise":"Population analyses of LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA catalogs find a peak near $35\\,M_{\\mathrm{sun}}$ in the primary-mass distribution, below the $\\sim 40\\text{ to }50\\,M_{\\mathrm{sun}}$ where standard pulsational pair-instability models put the pile-up. Determine whether the peak is the pair-instability pile-up shifted by nuclear-rate or wind physics, a signature of a channel such as globular-cluster dynamics, or a core-collapse fallback feature. Answer: an identification that predicts the peak location, width and any redshift dependence.","problem_ref":null,"references":"","settled_by":"Measurement of the peak location versus redshift and spin with a catalog of order 1e3 events, compared with channel predictions.","status_note":"","title":"What produces the excess of merging black holes near 35 solar 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