{"schema":"pubphys.bundle/1","record":{"author":{"account_ref":null,"orcid":null},"builds_on":[],"content_schema":"pubphys.content.revision/1","content_sha256":"9903d6f0daaf2544aa8ee1976fafb98fea49427b60860fc61d988018ec0ef9dd","created":"2026-10-03T07:18:02Z","files":[],"origin":{"assisted_by":[],"kind":"seed"},"parents":["5475cf5dc5b1a72283d26dc95dc6e00d7ea4e00096a7c6492e409a1816eeb011"],"salt":"c6ec49ef5cd4dcee7f98c458eb12b0e600a2d0623a0ff4f39e4a2f8767d14492","schema":"pubphys.record/2","site":"pubphys.com","target":null,"type":"revision"},"content":{"answer_type":"identification","assisted_by":[],"external_id":"cosmo.cmb-anomalies.matter-dipole","kind":"phenomenon","literature_status":"contested","n":"1","parents":[],"plain":"Because the Earth moves relative to the cosmic microwave background, distant galaxies should look slightly more numerous in the direction of motion. Several catalogs show about twice the expected effect.","posed_since":"1984","precise":"The CMB dipole implies a velocity of about $3.7e7\\,\\mathrm{cm/s}$, which predicts a kinematic number-count dipole (Ellis-Baldwin test) for distant sources. CatWISE2020 quasars and NVSS radio galaxies give amplitudes about twice the prediction, reported at about $5\\sigma$ in joint analyses. Determine whether this signals a non-kinematic, intrinsic anisotropy incompatible with FLRW cosmology, or catalog systematics and clustering contributions.","problem_ref":null,"references":"","settled_by":"Number-count dipoles from independent deep surveys (Euclid, Rubin, SKA) with characterized selection functions, consistent or inconsistent with the kinematic value.","status_note":"2025 to 2026 reanalyses including clustering and higher multipoles disagree on the significance.","title":"Why is the distant-source count dipole larger than our motion 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