Matter–Antimatter Asymmetry of the Universe
Problem statement
The observed baryon-to-photon ratio is
$$\eta = \frac{n_B - n_{\bar B}}{n_\gamma} \approx 6\times 10^{-10},$$
yet the Big Bang should have produced equal matter and antimatter. The Standard Model satisfies Sakharov's three conditions only far too weakly.
What physics generated the observed baryon asymmetry?
Claims (1)
Partial result: under the additional assumption of axial symmetry, one can show the bound holds. Full generality still open.
$$\|u(t)\|_{H^1} \leq C\,e^{\lambda t}$$
arXiv:2401.72758
Discussion (1)
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Beautiful formulation — do you expect the bound to be tight?