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Title: How do Seyfert coronae make neutrinos while hiding gamma rays?
Plain: The nearby active galaxy NGC 1068 emits far more energy in neutrinos than in gamma rays, which suggests the particles are made in a dense, hot region next to its black hole that absorbs the gamma rays.
Precise: For NGC 1068 (neutrino luminosity $\sim 3e42\ \mathrm{erg}/\mathrm{s}$ at 1.5-15 TeV, with a GeV-TeV gamma-ray flux far lower), determine where and how protons are accelerated to $\sim 1e14\ \mathrm{eV}$ within $\sim 10\ \text{to}\ 100$ gravitational radii of the black hole (turbulent acceleration, magnetic reconnection, accretion shocks), and whether the model predicts how neutrino luminosity scales with intrinsic X-ray luminosity across Seyferts. Answer: a model giving $L_{\nu}/L_{X}$ and the spectral shape, tested against the Seyfert sample.
Settled by: Detection of neutrinos from several further Seyferts with fluxes matching the predicted $L_{\nu}/L_{\mathrm{X}}$ scaling, and MeV gamma-ray observations of the cascaded emission.
Kind: phenomenon
Answer type: mechanism
References: (empty)
Literature status: open
Status note: (empty)
Posed since: 2022