How did Jupiter's dilute core form and survive 4.5 billion years? · revision history

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Accepted · first revision · record

Title
How did Jupiter's dilute core form and survive 4.5 billion years?
Plain
A giant collision or gradual accretion of rock and ice could have produced a spread-out core. It must also have resisted being mixed away by convection ever since.
Precise
Determine whether Jupiter's dilute core formed by gradual heavy-element deposition during accretion or by a giant impact, and whether it survives convective erosion and double-diffusive mixing over 4.5 Gyr. An answer is a formation-plus-evolution model producing the present Z(r) and consistent with the planet's luminosity and radius.
Settled by
Coupled formation and evolution simulations, including impact simulations with realistic equations of state, matching present Z(r).
Kind
well-posed
Answer type
mechanism
References
(empty)
Literature status
contested
Status note
2024 to 2025 impact simulations (arXiv:2412.06094, arXiv:2503.23997) find giant impacts do not readily produce a lasting dilute core.
Posed since
(empty)