What determines the hierarchy of quark and lepton masses? · revision history
Revision 2
Accepted · core change · record
Changes against revision 1:
- Title
- What determines the hierarchy of quark and lepton masses?
- Plain
- The top quark is about 340000 times heavier than the electron, and quark mixing is small while neutrino mixing is large. No theory predicts these numbers.
- Precise · changed · core
- Revision 1: The SM Yukawa couplings span $y_e \sim 3e-6$ to $y_t \sim 1$, CKM angles are small ($\theta_C \sim 0.23$, |V_ub| ~ 4e-3) while PMNS angles are large ($\theta_{12} \sim 34\,\mathrm{deg}$, $\theta_{23} \sim 45\,\mathrm{deg}$). An answer is a mechanism (Froggatt-Nielsen charges, modular or discrete flavor symmetries, extra-dimensional localization, partial compositeness) that predicts these values with fewer parameters than it explains.
- Revision 2: The SM Yukawa couplings span $y_e \sim 3 \times 10^{-6}$ to $y_t \sim 1$, CKM angles are small ($\theta_C \sim 0.23$, $\mid V_{ub}\mid$ $\sim 4 \times 10^{-3}$) while PMNS angles are large ($\theta_{12} \sim 34\,\mathrm{deg}$, $\theta_{23} \sim 45\,\mathrm{deg}$). An answer is a mechanism (Froggatt-Nielsen charges, modular or discrete flavor symmetries, extra-dimensional localization, partial compositeness) that predicts these values with fewer parameters than it explains.
- Settled by
- A model with fewer free parameters than observables whose extra predictions (mixing sum rules, flavor-violating rates, new states) are confirmed.
- Kind
- phenomenon
- Answer type
- mechanism
- References
- (empty)
- Literature status
- open
- Status note
- (empty)
- Posed since
- (empty)
Decisions
- Accept · 2026-10-15 · record