Revision 1

Accepted · first revision · record

Title: A dose quantity for microbubble-mediated barrier opening
Plain: Injected gas bubbles made to oscillate by ultrasound can temporarily open the barrier that keeps drugs out of the brain. There is no agreed measure of how much of this was delivered.
Precise: Define and validate a cavitation dose quantity, built from the passively detected acoustic emission spectrum (harmonic, subharmonic and broadband components) integrated over the exposure, that predicts both the degree of blood-brain barrier permeability increase and the onset of damage such as microhaemorrhage, across bubble types, concentrations and frequencies of 0.2 to 1.5 MHz. An answer is the quantity with its measured predictive relation.
Settled by: Studies correlating a candidate dose metric with measured permeability and histological damage across exposure conditions and bubble agents.
Kind: well-posed
Answer type: identification
References: (empty)
Literature status: open
Status note: Feedback control on subharmonic emission was in clinical use by the early 2020s without a standardized dose quantity.
Posed since: 2006