How fission fragments acquire their angular momentum
In plain words
Fission fragments spin with several units of angular momentum even when the parent nucleus barely rotates. A 2021 experiment found that the spins of the two fragments are unrelated in size, which challenges the idea that they are set by shared motions before the split.
Precise statement
For $252\mathrm{Cf}(\mathrm{sf})$, $232\mathrm{Th}(\mathrm{n},\mathrm{f})$, $238\mathrm{U}(\mathrm{n},\mathrm{f})$ and $235\mathrm{U}(\mathrm{n}_{\mathrm{th}},\mathrm{f})$, determine when (before scission, at scission, or after, during shape relaxation of the deformed fragments) and through which collective modes (bending, wriggling, twisting, tilting) the fragment spins $J_{\mathrm{L}}$ and $J_{\mathrm{H}}$ of several $\hbar$ are generated. An answer is a dynamical calculation that reproduces the measured mean spins versus fragment mass, the observed lack of correlation between $\mid J_{\mathrm{L}}\mid$ and $\mid J_{\mathrm{H}}\mid$, and their dependence on total kinetic energy.
What would settle it
A microscopic calculation of the joint distribution $P(J_{L}, J_{H})$ that matches gamma-spectroscopy data on spin magnitudes versus fragment mass and total kinetic energy, plus a direct measurement of spin orientation correlations.
Status in the literature
Unverified note
Since the 2021 measurement of uncorrelated spin magnitudes (Wilson et al., Nature), 2025-2026 microscopic calculations across all fragments and spin versus kinetic energy data have not settled when the spin is generated.
Related problems
- More general than Distribution of the angle between the two fragment spins