Wave versus nanoflare heating fraction in active-region coronal loops

For active-region loops at $T \sim 1e6\ \text{to}\ 5e6\,\mathrm{K}$, determine the fraction of heating delivered impulsively (nanoflares with repeat times longer than the cooling time, producing faint plasma at $5e6\ \text{to}\ 1e7\,\mathrm{K}$) versus steadily. Observables: slope of the emission measure distribution $\mathrm{EM}(T) \sim T^a$ below the peak and the hot emission measure above $5e6\,\mathrm{K}$. Answer: the impulsive fraction with uncertainty.

Spectroscopic measurement of faint $5e6\ \text{to}\ 1e7\,\mathrm{K}$ emission in active regions compared with forward models of both heating types.