GRAV In the literature: contested

Are long-lived Planck-mass remnants consistent with quantum field theory?

In plain words

If tiny black-hole leftovers stored all the information, each would need an enormous number of internal states. Such objects might then be produced in huge numbers in ordinary processes, contradicting experiment.

Precise statement

Consider objects of mass $\sim m_{P}$ with $N\sim \operatorname{exp}(S_{\mathrm{initial}})$ internal states, where $S_{\mathrm{initial}}$ can be arbitrarily large. Determine whether an effective field theory containing such remnants avoids pair-production rates and thermal contributions proportional to $N$, for example through form factors that suppress their couplings, while remaining unitary and local. Answer yes with a consistent model, or no with a general argument.

What would settle it

An explicit consistent effective theory of remnants with bounded production rates, or a theorem excluding them.

Status in the literature

Unverified note

The infinite-production objection (Giddings, Susskind, 1994-1995) is widely accepted; proposed escapes via remnants with large interiors remain disputed as of 2026.